Armor-Plate

Nickel, used extensively to make coins and nickel steel for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults, and is also a component in Nichrome(R), Permalloy(R), and constantan. 

Uses. Apphcations for boron carbide relate either to its hardness or its high neutron absorptivity ( B isotope). Hot-pressed boron carbide finds use as wear parts, sandblast no22les, seals, and ceramic armor plates but in spite of its hardness, it finds Httie use as an abrasive. However, this property makes it particulady usehil for dressing grinding wheels. 

Special quality steels - A vast range of special quality steels is made in electric arc furnaces by adding other metals to form steel alloys. The most commonly known of these is stainless steel, which has chromium and nickel added to form a corrosion-resistant steel. There are very many others however the very hard steels used to make machine tools, the steels specially formulated to make them suitable for engineering, steels developed to survive for decades the hostile environment of nuclear reactors, light but strong steels used in aerospace, extra tough steels for armor plating - to name but a few. 

Panzergranate. Ger for a WWII projectile used against armor plate, or an AP (armor-piercing) projectile. According to Stettbacher (Ref), they were of one piece construction with a solid, sharp nose. They were effective against softer armor, but not against hardened steels Ref Stettbacher (1948), 401... 

In testing penetration of armor, etc, by various projectiles, they can be fired against armor plate of varying thickness and compn until the maximum depth of penetration is detd ... 

PIAT. Acronym for projector infantry antitank. A Brit WWII weapon based on the shaped charge effect. It fired a rocket-propelled charge weighing 3 lbs which could pierce 4-tnch armor plate Ref J. Quick, Dictionary of Weapons and Military Terms , McGraw Hill, NY (1973), 349... 

Given titaniums lightness, strength, and resistance to corrosion and high temperatures, its most common use is in ahoys with other metals for constructing aircraft, jet engines, and missiles. Its alloys also make exceUent armor plates for tanks and warships. It is the major metal used for constructing the stealth aircraft that are difficult to detect by radar. 

Boron carbide is used in sandblast nozzles, ceramic armor plates and abrasive powder grinding wheels. Because of its high neutron absorptivity and... 

Morehead started promoting the use of acetylene for lighting, and calcium carbide plants were established in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Niagara Falls, New York. Morehead developed a high carbon fer-rochrome in 1897, which was used for armor plating in the Spanish-American War. In 1917, Union Carbide merged with the National Carbon Company, Prest-O-Lite (another calcium carbide producer), Linde... 

Armor Plate Impact Test (Shell Impact Test). See Vol 1, p VII... 

Armor Plate Impact Test and Bulk Compressibility Tests are described in PATR 1740, listed here as Ref 37... 

The function of this fuze is to initiate, following a delay of 0.035 second after impact with steel armor plate, a high-order expln in the filler of projectiles from 6 to 16 inches in diam. The central axial assembly of the fuze, which is mounted on ball races, moves... 

A1 + KCIO3) and in back of the latter a time fuse. The operator hid in a hole and, at the approach of the tank, ignited the fuse" which, in turn, ignited the thermite. Just as soon as the heat of the thermite melted the resin, the device was-struck (by the operator) to the bottom armor plate of the tank. At the same time the heat of the thermite set off the detonator and this in turn initiated the main charge This device was in an experimental stage when the war terminated Ref 1) E.E. Richardson et al, CIOS Rept 25-18 (1945), pp 23-5 2) PATR 2510 (1958), p Ger 87-L R... 

Shells (loaded with Comp B) with these liners were tested by firing from the MIS rifle. These shells which rotated at about 210rpm, penetrated at least 3 inches in armor-plate in 96% of trials and 6 inches in 40% of trials. When fired at 120rpm in a spin-test app, the average penetration in mild steel was 7.4 indies. The standard 57mm M307A1 HEAT Shell which contains a hemispherical liner cannot be relied upon to penetrate 3 inches of armor plate... 

For rifle grenades the test is conducted essentially in the same manner, with the exception that the grenade is fired from a rifle instead of being propelled from a pneumatic grenade thrower. The "antitank grenades are usually fired against an armor plate... 

Dual hardness armor plate armor-soft steel and armor-aluminum ... 

The implications of these deductions seem to lead to the conclusion that such structural factors as chain length, methyl groups, and double bonds influence not only the physical properties but the chemical properties of the hydrocarbon as well. Hydrocarbons are limited in their chemical reactivity. The paraffins are compounds having small affinity. The hydrocarbon molecules are armor-plated with hydrogen. Since structure plays so vital a role in the rate of combustion, there must be a fundamental difference in the relative reactivity of the hydrogen atoms. Experimental evidence that such is the case is accumulating. There are reasons to believe that methods are at hand by which the... 

Panzergeschoss, in Ger Projectile perforant in Fr Proietto perforante, in leal Proyectil perforante, in Span Broneprobivayoushchii snariad, in Rus). AP projectiles are designed to penetrate the armor plate of ships, tanks, etc and may be divided into the following types ... 

Armor Plate Impact TestfShell Impact Test). This test was developed during WW II to provide an additional sensitivity test for HE s commonly used, and to supplement data obtained by impact and rifle-bullet tests. 

This teat is conducted by placing the assembly vertically, at a known stand-off distance, above several layers of 0.5 inch thick armor-plate steel and detonating the charge. After detonation,the depth of hole, its average diameter at the top, and its volume are determined. Refs 1)TM 9—1910(1955),78—85 2)PATR 1740, Rev 1(1958) 3)Cook( 1958),226-64... 

The only reliable method for determining whether a material will withstand the shock of hitting armor plate is to load it into a shell and try it. 

As mentioned previously (Ref 22) the use of Al-wax nose pads, 80/20 and 90/10, was investigated for use in AP shot in rifle bullet impact bombs. From these test results the use of the nose pad appears to produce better results (output) and would be the more practical system to load. In addition it is felt that such a system would reduce or prevent premature activation of HE loaded projectiles when striking armor plate... 

---