Aqueous zinc chloride solution

Stock Solution 2 To 20 ml of an aqueous zinc chloride solution containing 1% zinc is added distilled water to a volume of 125 ml. 

If aqueous zinc chloride solution serves as electrolyte ("heavy-duty" types), the hydrate of a basic zinc chloride is formed instead of the product in Eq. (24) ... 

Acrylonitrile is reported to react in a mixture of 60% aqueous zinc chloride solution (450 ml) and 36% aqueous hydrochloric add (50 ml) containing dissolved polycaprolactam to which f-butyl peracetate, dissolved in the above mentioned salt solution, was added (5). Thermal initiation is also reported in dimethyl formamide and m-cresol solution (<4). 

The electrolysis of aqueous zinc chloride solution serves to illustrate a number of features common to all situations of this general type. These are summarized here along with some necessary explanatory remarks and illustrations. 

Peulon, S. and Lincot, D. (1998). Mechanistic study of cathodic electrodeposition of zinc oxide and zinc hydroxychloride films from oxygenated aqueous zinc chloride solutions. J. Electrochem. Soc. 145(3), 864-874. 

A mixture of amino compound (32g) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (58.5g) was cooled to below 0 C with crushed ice (40g) while a 30% aqueous sodiun nitrate (45g) was slowly added. A 50% aqueous zinc chloride solution (54g) was added to the solution and the solution was kept below 10 for 15 minutes. Ihe precipitated D4 was filtered off and the solid was dissolved in a 1% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and mixed with a 50% aqueous zinc chloride solution (lOg). The recrystallized D4 was filtered off and washed with ether and dried under a vacuun. D2 was also synthesized in the same manner. 

Kruh, R.. F., and C. L. Standley (1962). An x-ray diffraction study of aqueous zinc chloride solutions. Inorg. Chem. 1, 941 3. 

The results in Table XIV were obtained by adding an aqueous zinc chloride solution to a poly (butyl acrylate) latex. After precomplexation at 30°C, the monomer mixture and the redox catalyst were added, and the polymerization was carried out at 30°C. Because of the heterogeneity of the reaction mitxure, a large amount of alternating copolymer accompanied the alternating copolymer graft copolymer. 

If more accurate methods for the determination of the density are not available, immerse the sample in methanol (density, p, at 20 °C = 0.79 g/cm ), water (p=lg/cm ), saturated aqueous magnesium chloride solution (p = 1.34 g/cm ), or saturated aqueous zinc chloride solution (p = 2.01 g/ cm ). Then observe whether the sample stays on the surface of the liquid, floats inside it, or sinks. Its behavior indicates whether it has a lower or a higher density than the liquid in which it is immersed. Table 3.3 contains the densities of the most important plastics (of course, there can be variations). 

Koneshan S, Rasaiah JC, Lynden-Bell RM, Lee SH (1998) Solvent structure, dynamics, and ion mobility in aqueous solutions at 25°C. J Phys Chem B 102 4193-4204 Krah RF, Stanley CL ( 1962) An X-ray diffraction study of aqueous zinc chloride solutions. Inorg Chem, 1 941-943... 

Yongyai Y, Kokpol S, Rode BM (1992) Microstractuie and species distribution of aqueous zinc-chloride solutions—results from Monte-Carlo simulations. J Chem Soc-Faraday Trans 88 537-1540... 

If the evaporation residue of an aqueous zinc chloride solution is heated, hydrogen chloride is given off ... 

Phenylhydroxylamine is formed when aniline is treated with a neutral reducing agent, e.g., zinc powder and aqueous ammonium chloride solution ... 

Chain transfer is an important consideration in solution polymerizations. Chain transfer to solvent may reduce the rate of polymerization as well as the molecular weight of the polymer. Other chain-transfer reactions may iatroduce dye sites, branching, chromophoric groups, and stmctural defects which reduce thermal stabiUty. Many of the solvents used for acrylonitrile polymerization are very active in chain transfer. DMAC and DME have chain-transfer constants of 4.95-5.1 x lO " and 2.7-2.8 x lO " respectively, very high when compared to a value of only 0.05 x lO " for acrylonitrile itself DMSO (0.1-0.8 X lO " ) and aqueous zinc chloride (0.006 x lO " ), in contrast, have relatively low transfer constants hence, the relative desirabiUty of these two solvents over the former. DME, however, is used by several acryhc fiber producers as a solvent for solution polymerization. 

It has been claimed that solutions containing 10—15% cellulose in 55—80% aqueous zinc chloride can be spun into alcohol or acetone baths to give fibers with strengths of 0.13—0.18 N /tex (1.5 to 2 gf/den). However, if these fibers were strain-dried (ie, stretched) and rewetted while under strain, strengths of 0.46 N/tex (5.2 gf/den) were achieved (92). 

Synthetic Method 1 6-(dimethylamino)-3-(N-acetyl-N-methylamino)-10-acetylphenothiazine 8a (procedure from US. Patent 4,652,643).5 A mixture of 9.0g of 6-(dimethylamino)-3-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (Azure B), 150.0ml of acetic anhydride, and lO.Og of zinc dust was maintained at reflux temperature for approximately 4 hs. After the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, it was poured into ice water with stirring and 300ml of toluene was added. After stirring for approximately 30 min the toluene layer was separated and washed twice, once with tap water and once with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The toluene was then distilled off at reduced pressure. The residue which remained was dissolved in ethyl acetate and separated into various components by subjecting the solution to column chromatography using silica gel as substrate. Elution with ethyl acetate yielded a white-colored solid. 

Experiments—Pass hydrogen sulphide slowly into the most concentrated aqueous solution of Bindschedler s green obtainable, until after some time the colour has changed to yellowish-red. Now add dilute hydrochloric acid and the solution of 0-3 g. of sodium dichromate. Precipitate the methylene blue formed by adding zinc chloride solution. 

Preparation of the Zinc Amalgam. —Granulated zinc in thin pieces or, still better, zinc foil 0-15 to 0-25 mm. thick and cut into small strips, is left for one hour with frequent shaking in contact with an equal weight of 5 per cent aqueous mercuric chloride solution. The solution is then poured off and the metal washed once with fresh water. 

ZnF2 (aq.). Petersen1 measured the heat of the reaction of aqueous zinc chloride with solid silver fluoride to be 31.84. Mulert1 measured the heat of solution of ZnO in aqueous (20%) HF to be 21.82. See also Jellinek and Rudat.1... 

Immediately upon connecting the cell to a source of direct current, a deposit of gray metallic zinc appears on the surface of the cathode and bubbles of chlorine gas appear at the surface of the anode. A simple chemical test for chlorine may be made by leading this gas into an aqueous sodium iodide solution, whereupon the solution assumes a yellow color caused by displacement of iodine by chlorine. Accordingly, it is concluded that the products of the electrolysis of a zinc chloride solution are elemental zinc and elemental chlorine, and the next problem is that of explaining the mechanism by which these products may be produced. 

Two 67Zn (natural abundance = 4.12% / = f) n.m.r. studies have been reported.9,10 The chemical shift of 67Zn (4.81 MHz at 1.807 Tesla) in aqueous zinc chloride, bromide, and iodide solutions was found to be strongly concentration dependent, while no such dependence was noted in solutions of the perchlorate, nitrate, or sulphate. This behaviour resembles that found for analogous cadmium systems, and is attributed to the formation of mono- and poly-halogeno- complexes even at low salt concentrations. In addition, the zinc halide solutions show an anomalous shift to higher frequencies for their solutions in D20, compared with those in H20. The perchlorate, nitrate and sulphate show no solvent isotope effect. 

Urushibara Ni A (U-Ni-A) 6 The solids prepared by the reaction of zinc dust with aqueous nickel chloride solution, in the same way as described above, are transferred into 160 ml of 13% acetic acid and digested at 40°C until the evolution of hydrogen gas subsides or the solution becomes pale green. The catalyst can be washed with water on a glass filter under gentle suction with care to prevent the catalyst from contacting air, and then with the solvent for hydrogenation. 

---