Concentrated, strong

Stability. AH calcitic and dolomitic limestones are extremely stable compounds, decomposing only in fairly concentrated strong acids or at calcining temperatures of 898°C for high calcium and about 725°C for dolomitic stones at 101.3 kPa (1 atm). A very mild destabilizing effect is caused by C02-saturated water, as described in the preceding section on solubihty. Aragonite, however, is not as stable as calcite. In sustained contact with moisture,... 

Prepare the solutions, thermostat them at the temperatures to be used in the rate study, and then adjust them all to the same pH value by the addition of small volumes of concentrated strong acid or base. The pH meter must be correctly calibrated at each temperature. Now carry out the kinetic study and calculate Eobs. Because this procedure has set d In (H )/d(l/T) = 0 experimentally, use Eq. (6-36) in the form = Eqh +... 

Nitration by nitric acid in concentrated strong mineral acid... 

The alkoxyl group OR is not a leaving group, so these compounds must be converted to the conjugate acids before they can be hydrolyzed. Although 100% sulfuric acid and other concentrated strong acids readily cleave simple ethers, the only acids used preparatively for this purpose are HBr and HI (10-71). However, acetals, ketals, and ortho esters are easily cleaved by dilute acids. These compounds are... 

Allain L., Canada T., Xue Z. Optical sensors and the salt effect a dual-transducer approach to acidity determination in a salt-containing concentrated strong acids, Anal. Chem. 2001 73 4592-4598. 

It was found that, in a nonpolar medium, the crotyl rhodium complex 1 is relatively inactive as a codimerization catalyst. However, it becomes very active in the presence of a small amount of donors such as alcohol. The activity generally increases linearly with the amount of the added donors and then depends on the strength of the donors, either leveling off or decreasing with further increases in the donor concentration. Strong donors improve the activity at lower concentration but inhibit the reaction at higher concentration. Some representative donors and their rate enhancement efficiency are shown in Table VI. The relationships between the concentrations of various donors and the reaction rates are summarized in Figure 5. The rate enhancement efficiency (expressed as relative reactivity) of a donor was measured based on the maximum rate attainable by addition of a suitable quantity of the donor to the reaction mixture, i.e., the maximum in the activity curve of Fig. 5. The results in Table VI show that those donors with p Ka values (25) between -5 and... 

Lacour et al. [5.8] produced the starting material for YBaCuO from freeze dried acetate solutions. The strong dependence of the electrical qualities on the salt concentrations was considered as surprising. (Authors note The salt concentration strongly influences the structure of any freezing product.)... 

We see from Equation (8.3) that the reaction proceeds faster (has a faster rate) when performed with a more concentrated ( strong )... 

The quality of the purified water and the composition of the concentrate strongly depend on the type of techniques and the applied process conditions. The presence of suspended and colloidal particles or dissolved organic compounds can have a negative effect on the treatment. 

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model using nonlinear, mixed-effects model in two compartment, best described time course of concentration strong correlation with creatinine clearance predicted concentration at the efi ect site and in reduction of heart rate during atrial fibrillation using population kinetic approach... 

The basicity or acidity of the electrolyte, and in particular, the methanol concentration, strongly influences the product distribution. With an equimolar mixture of cyclohexene and methanol in tetrahy-drofuran, 81% of 3-methoxycyclohexene... 

The chemical resistance is generally inferior to that of comparable polyethylenes and decreases when VA rises. EVAs are attacked by concentrated strong acids, halogens, oxidizing acids, chlorinated solvents, certain oxidants, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters, and some others. 

Detergents, e.g., SDS, at elevated concentrations strongly disturb the test. If at high blank level the difference between blank and sample is too small, this interference should be omitted by an extraction of the detergent (cf Protocol 1.1.2 and 1.1.4). 

At highly negative potentials, the doublelayer capacity has been found to depend on the kind of cations and to remain independent of their concentration. Strong adsorption of hydroxide anions was observed in wide concentration and potential ranges. 

Base Strength Concentration Strong High Very weak Low... 

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