Simple chemical tests

How would you distinguish between the following pairs of compounds using simple chemical tests Tell what you would do and what you would see. 

You find a bottle of a pure silver halide that could be AgCl or Agl. Develop a simple chemical test that would allow you to distinguish which compound was in the bottle. 

In 1982, Laine reviewed simple chemical tests and application of some techniques to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. He proposed five criteria for detecting homogeneous cluster catalysts ... 

Describe a simple chemical test to distinguish between [Co(NH3)5Br]S04 and [Co(NH3)5S04]Br. 

The products formed during lipid peroxidation include unsaturated aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal. Their quantification is of great interest because of their extremely reactive and cytotoxic properties. This extreme reactivity and metabolic conversion, however, may make them unsuitable as test analytes for in vivo antioxidant activity studies except at high levels of oxidative stress. Furthermore, simple chemical tests such as the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and LPO-586 (colorimetric... 

The identification of ivory and ivory substitutes is based on the (55) physical and chemical class characteristics of these materials. A common approach to identification is to use the macroscopic and microscopic physical characteristics of ivory in combination with a simple chemical test using ultraviolet light. 

Problem 6.61 Give 4 simple chemical tests to distinguish an alkene from an alkane. 

Problem 13.24 Give simple chemical tests to distinguish (a) 1-pentanol and /i-hexane (b) n-butanol and /-butanol (c) 1-butanol and 2-buten-l-ol (d) 1-hexanol and 1-bromohexane. -4... 

Exercise 11-17 Suppose you were given four unlabeled bottles, each of which is known to contain one of the following compounds pentane, 1-pentene, 2-pentyne, or 1-pentyne. Explain how you could use simple chemical tests (preferably test-tube reactions) to identify the contents of each bottle. (Notice that all four compounds are low-boiling liquids.)... 

Assume that you have samples of quinine (an amine) and menthol (an alcohol). What simple chemical test could you do to distinguish between them ... 

The story is really about the Pink Spot of Schizophrenia. Many years ago, an observation was made in a biochemical laboratory on the East Coast that stirred up a rolling controversy. It had been found that if the urines of schizophrenic patients (sloppily called schizophrenic urines ) were extracted in such and such a way, and the extracts chromatographed, a pink spot would develop at a particular place on the chromatogram. Well, if this proved to be true with urines of a sick population, and were this proved to be different from the urines of a healthy population, it would constitute an objective diagnosis of schizophrenia. A simple chemical test to confirm a pathology that had defied all efforts to achieve consensus amongst the psychiatrists of the world. 

Sometimes we want to analyse a salt and find out what is in it. There are simple chemical tests which allow us to identify the anion part of the salt. These are often called spot tests. 

Describe simple chemical tests that can distinguish an alkane from an alkene or alkyne. 

Immediately upon connecting the cell to a source of direct current, a deposit of gray metallic zinc appears on the surface of the cathode and bubbles of chlorine gas appear at the surface of the anode. A simple chemical test for chlorine may be made by leading this gas into an aqueous sodium iodide solution, whereupon the solution assumes a yellow color caused by displacement of iodine by chlorine. Accordingly, it is concluded that the products of the electrolysis of a zinc chloride solution are elemental zinc and elemental chlorine, and the next problem is that of explaining the mechanism by which these products may be produced. 

When the hydrogen ion is considered to be attached to the rightmost end of the Rhodonine ion, Rhodonine will appear to be an alcohol and respond to simple chemical tests almost identically to Retinol. When the hydrogen ion is considered to be attached to C5, Rhodonine will appear to be an aldehyde and respond to simple chemical tests almost identically to retinaldehyde. The chemical ambiguity in the properties of the Rhodonines due to this resonance condition is the principle practical reason for the confusion in the literature concerning the chemical properties of the chromophores of vision. The principal conceptual reason is the prior failure of the community to recognize the existence of the resonant form of the retinoids, the Rhodonines. 

While working in the chemical stockroom, you discover an unlabeled bottle containing a liquid compound. You carefully smell the liquid and discover that it has a fishy odor. What functional group do you suspect the unknown compound contains What simple chemical test could you do to confirm the presence of the suspected functional group ... 

The addition of bromine has been used as a simple chemical test for the presence of olefinic double bonds. A solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride is a clear, deep... 

In addition to its synthetic value, the permanganate oxidation of alkenes provides a simple chemical test for the presence of an alkene. When an alkene is added to a clear, deep purple aqueous solution of potassium permanganate, the solution loses its purple color and becomes the murky, opaque brown color of Mn02. (Although there are other functional groups that decolorize permanganate, few do it as quickly as alkenes.)... 

A positive simple chemical test is indicated by one or more detectable events, such as a change in color, formation of a precipitate, evolution of a gas, uptake of a gas, evolution of heat. 

TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS Available mediods range from simple chemical tests to those which utilise instrumental techniques of varying degrees of sophistication. The ideal method should be specific, sensitive, of wide applicability, simple, and rapid, with results which can be easily interpreted. Unfortunately, no technique combines all these athibutes and the analyst is advised to be aware of die limitations of a particular method. 

Bromination is a simple chemical test for the presence of n bonds in unknown compounds. 

Further tests would show the absence of any other element in these compounds, except possibly oxygen, for which there is no simple chemical test presence or absence of oxygen would be shown by a quantitative analysis. 

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