Applications primary purposes

For some applications, either steam or electricity is simply not available and this makes the decision. It is rarely economic to install a steam boiler just for tracing. Steam tracing is generally considered only when a boiler already exists or is going to be installed for some other primary purpose. Additional electric capacity can be provided in most situations for reasonable costs. It is considerably more expensive to supply steam from a long distance than it is to provide electricity. Unless steam is available close to the pipes being traced, the automatic choice is usually electric tracing. 

Continuous clarifiers generally are employed with dilute suspensions, principally industrial process streams and domestic municipal wastes, and their primary purpose is to produce a relatively clear overflow. They are basically identical to thickeners in design and layout except that they employ a mechanism of hghter construction and a drive head with a lower torque capability. These differences are permitted in clarification applications because the thickened pulp produced is smaller in volume and appreciably lower in suspended solids concentration, owing in part to the large percentage of relatively fine (smaller than 10 Im) solids. The installed cost of a clarifier, therefore, is approximately 5 to 10 percent less than that of a thickener of equal tank size, as given in Fig. 18-94. 

The electrochemistry of conducting polymers has been the subject of several reviews2-8 and has been included in articles on chemically modified electrodes.9-14 The primary purpose of this chapter is to review fundamental aspects of the electrochemistry of conducting polymer films. Applications, the diversity of materials available, and synthetic methods are not covered in any detail. No attempt has been made at a comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature and the materials that have been studied. Specific examples have been selected to illustrate general principles, and so it can often be assumed that other materials will behave similarly. 

The primary purpose of materials selection is to provide the optimum equipment for a process application in terms of materials of construction, design, and corrosion-control measures. Optimum here means that which comprises the best combination of cost, life, safety, and reliability. 

However, there is no general requirement that enforcement methods need to monitor all metabolites of an active ingredient. The primary purpose of enforcement methods is to detect violations of good agricultural practice. For this purpose, residue levels found in samples from the market (so-called Market Basket Surveys) have to be compared with MRLs, which are derived from residue concentrations found in supervised trials. It is not necessary for this comparison to be based on the total pesticide residue. Most often the choice of a single compound (e.g., parent or primary metabolite) as a marker of the total pesticide residue is more feasible. Method development and the later method application are much easier in that case. Only for intake calculation purposes, e.g., when the daily intake of pesticide residues (calculated from the results... 

The primary purpose of pattern recognition is to determine class membership for a set of numeric input data. The performance of any given approach is ultimately driven by how well an appropriate discriminant can be defined to resolve the numeric data into a label of interest. Because of both the importance of the problem and its many challenges, significant research has been applied to this area, resulting in a large number of techniques and approaches. With this publication, we seek to provide a common framework to discuss the application of these approaches. 

The primary purpose of the HELP model is to provide water balance data with which to compare design alternatives for conventional barrier-type covers installed on landfills with bottom liners. It provides a tool for both designers and permit writers and is applicable to open, partially closed, or fully closed sites. 

In such cases, we could try to reduce the high-frequency output noise by suppressing it at the input. So that could be a valid reason to place a small ceramic capacitor at the input of an older-generation switcher IC (i.e., one with a BJT switch). Its primary purpose is then not to ensure that the control does not go into chaos because of switch transient noise, but to reduce the output noise in noise-sensitive applications. 

In separation, the primary function of the geotextile is to prevent intrusion of one material into another in order to prevent contamination of either material by the other. In the case of an aggregate being placed over a firm foundation soil, the purpose is to maintain the drainage integrity of the aggregate wall application is similar. In landfill application, the purpose is to prevent intrusion of waste material into the leachette collector system. 

Application of paint to steel surfaces has the primary purpose of preventing corrosion but can also provide decoration or other specialised effects, e.g. non-slip, anti-condensation, high or low reflectance, etc. Other specialised purposes such as the internal coating of tanks to hold a wide range of liquids, e.g. water, petroleum fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, etc., may also be fulfilled. 

In order to minimize water related damage, the primary purpose of protective agents is the reduction of the spontaneous uptake of moisture. With respect to the WTA recommendations for hydrophobations [2] a compound is considered to be effective if residual water uptakes < 30 % (relative to the untreated material) are obtained. As illustrated in Fig. 3 this criterion cannot be realized for all the combinations mentioned emphasizing that the application of a universal protective agent is not feasible. 

The primary purpose of this review is to summarize comprehensively advances in the study of this kinetic aspect of charge transfer across ITIES since 1981, when Koryta and Vanysek gave a timely review at that early stage of the development of electrochemistry at ITIES. Reviews [5-14] and monographs [15, 16] are available of other aspects of the electrochemistry at ITIES, e.g., ion transfer facilitated by ionophores, applications to analytical purposes or to liquid extraction, and instrumentation. In a recent review on charge transfer across ITIES, Girault [14] addressed key issues regarding the mechanism of ion transfer the dependence of the rate constant of ion transfer on the applied potential, the presence of an activation barrier, the double layer correction, the effect of solvent viscosity, theoretical treatments, etc. Since the author s [14] opinions differ in several respects from ours, we have tried to review this subject as systematically and critically as possible. 

After a decade, it seems appropriate to begin this report by identifying the key advances in applications and in theory over the past decade before turning to the primary purpose of this present report which is to review the literature for the period June, 2005, to May, 2007. 

It is the operational essence of the atomic hypothesis that one can assign properties to atoms and groupings of atoms in molecules and on this basis identify them in a given system or use their properties to predict the behaviour of the system in which they are found. The primary purpose of this section is to demonstrate that the quantum atoms transform this atomic hypothesis into an atomic theory of matter by identifying the atoms of chemistry and defining their properties. This section is not a review of applications, but is rather intended to introduce and illustrate the uses of various atomic properties. 

The primary purpose of a hearing is to enable the applicant to defend his case personally before the MEB. It eilso enables him to ask the MEB to justify and explain its objections. At the hearing the MEB will have to examine whether the applicant is in a position to meet its objections, cmd if so within which time frame (in exceptional cases, more thcui 3 months). Both practical and procedural aspects can be discussed at the hearing. 

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