Nuclear fuel reprocessing applications

Reported plant applications of a.c. impedance and electrochemical noise are rare, but include stainless steels in terephthalic acid (TA) plant oxidation liquors , nuclear fuel reprocessing , and fluegas desulphurisation (FGD) scrubber systems . 

The possible application of aqueous plutonium photochemistry to nuclear fuel reprocessing probably has been the best-received justification for investigating this subject. The necessary controls of and changes in Pu oxidation states could possibly be improved by plutonium photochemical reactions that were comparable to the uranyl photochemistry. 

RUO2X H2O in nitric acid solution. This process has potential application in nuclear fuel reprocessing [426]. 

Dinh, B., Mauborgne, B., Baron, P. 1992. Dynamic simulation of extraction operations Application in nuclear fuel reprocessing. In European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering-2, ESCAPE 2, October 5-7, Toulouse, France. 

As the focus of this book is on nuclear fuel reprocessing and nuclear-waste cleanup, we will focus on applications in these areas. This section will look at the reprocessing of nuclear fuel and the cleanup and segregation of nuclear waste with SRL and ANL contactors. Finally, other centrifugal contactors used for nuclear processing in France, Japan, Russia, and China will be discussed. 

In fact, the first description of such a scheme, involving the application of SFE to spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, appeared shortly after publication of these results. Specifically, Smart et al.43 outlined two possible approaches to SC-C02-based reprocessing. In the first, dubbed the wet SF-PUREX process, SC-C02 merely serves as a replacement for the organic solvent (i.e., a normal paraffinic hydrocarbon) used in... 

Carbonates. Actinide carbonate complexes are of interest not only because of their fundamental chemistry and environmental behavior (150), but also because of extensive industrial applications, primarily in uranium recovery from ores and nuclear fuel reprocessing. 

Radiation-induced processes at solid-liquid interfaces are of significant importance in many applications of nuclear technology. In water-cooled nuclear reactors, ionizing radiation induces reactions in the water as well as in the interface between the coolant and various system surfaces such as the reactor vessel and the fuel cladding. These processes will directly or indirectly influence the performance as well as the safety of the reactor. In nuclear fuel reprocessing, the significance of radiation-induced interfacial processes is even more obvious. Many countries plan to store spent nuclear fuel in deep geological repositories. 

Historically, a classic example of an evaporation process is the production of table salt. Maple syrup has traditionally been produced by evaporation of sap. Concentration of black liquor from pulp and paper processing constitutes a large-volume present application. Evaporators are also employed in such disparate uses as desalination of seawater, nuclear fuel reprocessing, radioactive waste treatment,preparation of boiler feed waters, and production of sodium hydroxide. They are used to concentrate stillage waste in fermentation processes, waste brines, inorganic salts in fertilizer production, and rinse liquids used in metal finishing, as well as in the production of sugar, vitamin C, caustic soda, dyes, and juice concentrates, and for solvent recovery in pharmaceutical processes. 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission. (NRC). A federal agency established in 1975 to regulate all commercial uses of atomic energy, including construction and operation of nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, and research applications of radioactive materials. It is also responsible for safety and environmental protection. Its offices are at One White Flint North, 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852-2738. 

Application to Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Uranium Waste... 

Applicability of SFE to nuclear fuel reprocessing has been proposed by Smart and Wai et al. (17, 18). We have developed a new process which employs a high pressure mixture of TBP-HNO3-H2O-CO2 as is described in this chapter and this approach has indicated a very efEcient extraction of uranium from UO2. Now, the nuclear industries have paid attention to the applications of SFE to future processes. In Japan, we have started a four-year project with nuclear plant construction companies to demonstrate uranium and plutonium extraction from a mixed oxide fuel using the high pressure mixture. On the other hand, uranium and plutonium will be extracted from the irradiated nuclear fuel with TBP(HN03)i.s(H20)o.6 in the same project. 

There are many examples of the studies on SLM for nuclear applications in the literature. SLMs were tested for high-level radioactive waste treatment combined with removal of actinides and other fission products from the effluents from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. The recovery of the species, such as uranium, plutonium, thorium, americium, cerium, europium, strontium, and cesium, was investigated in vari-ons extracting-stripping systems. Selective permeation... 

The scope of the thesis is to study and develop small-scale processes for ionic liquid-based extractions that can intensify the liquid-liquid separations of the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing cycle. In addition, modeUing methodologies are proposed to evaluate the applicability of the small-scale extractors in reprocessing large volumes of nuclear waste in industrial scale. 

Tsaoulidis D., Li Q., Angeli, P., 2013. Hydrodynamics and mixing characteristics in small channels using ionic liquids for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing applications. In proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multiphase How, Jeju, Korea, May 26-31... 

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