ARMOR APPLICATIONS

Welded structures, pressure vessels, storage tanks, truck and marine applications, armor plate... 

Magnesium High corrosion resistance good weldability and workability Marine applications armor plate for military vehiries beverage can ends automobile trim... 

Prior to WWII, armor-piercing projectiles were press-loaded with Explosive D. This required the application of pressures of the order of 10,000 to 12,000psi to successive increments of the charge and was a slow and expensive operation. The development of armor-piercing bombs necessitated the use uf an in sensitive expl that could be melt loaded and for this reason,... 

Polycarbonates have wide applications in ordn. However, the applications which are of special interest here are used as various types of armor (Refs 3, 5 8) and as pyrot binders n . fc fi a n... 

Zirconium. While almost any metal in the finely divided state exhibits pyrophoric properties, a few metals when abraded emit a shower of sparks of sufficient temp to ignite hydrocarbon vapors. Cerium is the best known metal of this kind for commercial purposes, such as gas lighter flints. For military purposes Zr is the most used. It has found applications in HE and armor-piercing incendiary ammo, the lining of shaped-charge rounds, and in incendiary cluster bombs (Ref 7, pp 100-01)... 

A major contribution from chemistry and chemical engineering has been the development of materials with important military applications. Chemists and chemical engineers, working with experts from areas such as electronics, materials science, and physics, have contributed to such developments as new explosives and propellants, reactive armor (a complex material with an explosive layer that can reduce the penetration of an incoming projectile), and stealth materials that reduce the detectability of aircraft by radar. 

Two general varieties of aromatic nylons are often employed. A less stiff variety is employed when some flexibility is important, whereas a stiffer variety is used for applications where greater strength is required. While good adhesion with the resin is often desired, poor adhesion is sometimes an advantage such as in the construction of body armor where delamination is a useful mode for absorbing an impact. 

Military explosives must be physically and chemically stable over a wide range of temperatures and humidity for a long period of time. They must be reasonably insensitive to impact, such as those experienced by artillery shells when fired from a gun or when they penetrate steel armor. They are used for a number of applications. They are fired in projectiles and dropped in aerial time bombs without premature explosion. The raw materials necessary to manufacture such explosives must be readily available for production in bulk during wartime. 

Explosives must be handled with care because an impact, friction, shock, spark or application of heat to an explosive may bring about explosion. The information on sensitivity to these stimuli is considered very valuable as it gives assurance about safety in manufacture, handling, transportation and storage. Also, sensitivity is an important consideration in selecting an explosive for a particular application. For example, explosive in an armor-piercing projectile must be relatively insensi-... 

Shaped charge warhead (with Octol 85/15 and 70/30 and formulation / Wax 95/5 ) - used for anti-tank or anti-armor applications. 

High explosives like RDX, HMX or PETN with a polymeric binder form a flexible explosive material that can be rolled into sheet form which can be cut and applied to any contour. They have a variety of applications from metal cutting to demolition and blasting to armor protection. Some important characteristics of sheet explosives are-flexibility, moldability, waterproofness and safety in handling. Also, sheet explosives can easily be cut and initiated. 

The investigation of the use of RDX by the British in a castable mix was initiated in the early 1930 s. As with the press loaded 91/9 RDX/ beeswax compn, it was desired to use a desensitized castable compn in AP and Semi-Armor Piercing (SAP) shell. While the TNT did desensitize the resulting 60/40 RDX/TNT compn significantly, it was not rendered insensitive enough for this application. In attempts to... 

Uses. Applications for boron carbide relate either to its hardness or its high neutron absorptivity (10B isotope). Hot-pressed boron carbide finds use as wear parts, sandblast nozzles, seals, and ceramic armor plates but in spite of its hardness, it finds litde use as an abrasive. However, this property makes it particulady useful for dressing grinding wheels. 

Armor. Silicon carbide is used as a candidate in composite armor protection systems. Its high hardness, compressive strength, and elastic modulus provide superior ballistic capability to defeat high velocity projectile threats. In addition, its low specific density makes it suitable for applications where weight requirements are critical (11). 

S.K. Dutta, Various Methods of Processing Silicon-Based Composites for Armor Applications , AMMRC-TR-76-21 (1976)... 

Other military applications continue to account for a large fraction of all types of advanced composites produced today. Such materials are used, for example, in the construction of missile systems, their ammunition components, and their launch systems. Missile-related components that use composites include launcher tubes, armor-piercing penetrators, and stanchion and torpedo tubes used in submarines. 

Although few applications have so far been found for ceramic matrix composites, they have shown considerable promise for certain military applications, especially in the manufacture of armor for personnel protection and military vehicles. Historically, monolithic ("pure") ceramics such as aluminum oxide (Al203), boron carbide (B4C), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC), and titanium diboride (TiB2) have been used as basic components of armor systems. Research has now shown that embedding some type of reinforcement, such as silicon boride (SiBg) or silicon carbide (SiC), can improve the mechanical properties of any of these ceramics. 

In the last 10 years, significant advances in fibrous monolithic ceramics have been achieved. A variety of materials in the form of either oxide or nonoxide ceramic for cell and cell boundary have been investigated [1], As a result of these efforts, FMs are now commercially available from the ACR company [28], These FMs are fabricated by a coextrusion process. In addition, the green fiber composite can then be wound, woven, or braided into the shape of the desired component. The applications of these FMs involve solid hot gas containment tubes, rocket nozzles, body armor plates, and so forth. Such commercialization of FMs itself proves that these ceramic composites are the most promising structural components at elevated temperatures. 

Two systems of ceramic laminates have been chosen for manufacturing and mechanical testing of laminates - Si3N4 and B4C based ceramics. They are well-known materials for crosscutting industrial applications that can be used as cutting tools, igniters, wear parts, armor, etc. 

Orlovskaya, N., Lugovy, M., Subbotin, V., Radchenko, O., Adams, J., Chheda, M., Shih, J., Sankar, J., Yarmolenko, S., Design and manufacturing B4C-SiC layered ceramics for armor applications, in Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems ( Ceramic Transactions, Volume 151), 2003, pp. 59-70. 

Armor, ). N., Applications of catalytic inorganic membrane reactors to refinery products, J. Membr. Sci. 1998, 347 (2), 217-233. 

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