Maggots

The male Mediterranean fmit fly Ceratitis capitata is similarly attracted to the terpenoid a-copaene [3856-25-5] (176) from the oil oiA.ngelica archangelica and this and the parakairomone tert-huty 2-methyl-4-chlorocyclohexanoate (trimedlure [12002-53-8]) are very extensively employed in monitoring for infestations of this destmctive pest. The female apple maggot fly Jiagoktispomonella is attracted to the apple volatile butyl hexanoate, which is used to bait sticky red spheres to monitor populations and time spray treatments. 

Made,/, maggot, mite, worm grub serew. 

Kaolin clay Surround Apple maggot, leafhopper, pear psylla, plum curculio Various fruits and vegetables Insecticide, insect growth regulator... 

The value of proteases in cleansing tissue wounds has been appreciated for several hundred years. Wounds were sometimes cleansed in the past by application of protease-containing maggot saliva. Nowadays, this is usually more acceptably achieved by topical application of the enzyme to the wound surface. In some cases, the enzyme is formulated in an aqueous-based cream, and in others it is impregnated into special bandages. Trypsin, papain, collagenase and various microbial enzymes have been used in this regard. 

In addition to plaguing humans directly, flies spread pathogens that infect a significant number of plants and animals. Veterinary medicine must deal with horse flies and black flies, as well as pests with such curious names as warble flies and bot flies. There are ubiquitous stable flies that look like everyday house flies but deliver a painful bite, and a multitude of less familiar species that prey on sheep, rodents, and rabbits. Flies that are crop pests typically feed on their plant hosts as larvae. Seedcorn maggots, for... 

The nematodes are themselves insect parasitoids that are not very particular about their hosts. Fly maggots, moth larvae and pupae, beetle larvae, and numerous other hosts are all acceptable to them. Some of these nematodes do have narrow preferences, but one widespread species invades more than two hundred different kinds of insects. Juvenile nematodes infected with their bacteria seek out a host to parasitize, typically gaining entry through one of its body orifices. Some species enter through a hole they scrape in the insect s cuticle using a "tooth" on their head. Once inside the insect, the worms force their way through soft tissues and into their host s central body cavity. 

Blowfly maggots that infest or blow the wool of sheep are especially common in warm humid areas, but occur wherever sheep are raised. Several species are involved, but the most troublesome species in Africa is Lucilia cuprina. The flies are attracted either to open wounds or to fermenting wool, the latter a condition that arises when sheep in full fleece are subjected to frequent rains during warm weather. While Lucilia cuprina apparently confines its attack mostly to the wool and the serous fluid that exudes from the skin of infested sheep, some of the associated species may attack the skin and flesh with serious or fatal result. Lucilia sericata has been observed to penetrate the abdominal wall and enter the peritoneal cavity. 

Although the screwworm fly can overwinter only in very mild latitudes, it spreads into the temperate zones rapidly during summer. Occasional outbreaks occur far from the normal habitat, when cattle infested with young maggots are moved into such areas. 

The farmer s wife knows that she cannot hope to obtain chickens except through the decomposition of the egg. If bread is placed in honeys and suffered to decay, ants are generated worms are bred in the putrefying bodies of men, horses, and other animals maggots are also developed by the decay of nuts, apples, and pears. 

Adult females, resembling bristly houseflies, lay eggs on or near other inseet hosts, espeoially butterfly and moth larvae, and the larvae, or maggots, develop as parasites within the host. 

Larvae of many eommon speeies are predatory mainly on aphids. Their eolor varies and they are sometimes almost transparent. They resemble flattened bait maggots. Here, bright green larvae are feeding on aphids on a rose shoot. 

These tunneling pests move between the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf, eating the soft material within. Remove affected leaves, and squash the maggots within the "mines."... 

Adult apple maggots are V4-in (6-mm) flies with yellow legs and transparent wings with dark crossbands. They lay eggs beneath the skin of the fruit and the larvae tunnel within. Larvae are white, V4-in (6-mm) maggots in fruit. 

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