Bees, honey Apis mellifera

Ghent, R.L. and Gary, N.E. (1962). A chemical alarm releaser in honey bee stings Apis mellifera L.). Psyche 69,1-6. 

Bader,C.R., Baumann,F., and Bertrand,D., 1976, Role of Intracellular Calcium and Sodium in Light Adaptation in the Retina of the Honey Bee Drone (Apis mellifera,L.), J. Gen. Physiol., 67 475. Baumann,F., 1968, Slow and Spike Potentials Recorded from Retinula-Cells of the Honeybee Drone in Response to Light, J. Gen. Physiol., 52 855. 

Cera alba (Bees wax) Wax esters consist of C40 to C46 molecular species, based on 16 0 and 18 0 fatty acids some with hydroxyl groups in the co-2 and CO-3 positions Natural wax produced in the bee hive of honey Apis mellifera bees 61-65 V [69, 71, 72]... 

Andrada, A. C. and Telleria, M. C. (2005). Pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) from south of Calden district (Argentina) Botanical origin and protein content. Grana 44, 115-122. 

Nabors, R. A. (1997). Trapping pollen collection of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. to determine pollen flow periods. Am. Bee J. 137, 215-216. 

Premier, C., Mach, L., Glossl, J. and Marz, L. (1992) The antigenicity of the carbohydrate moiety of an insect glycoprotein, honey-bee (Apis mellifera) venom phospholipase A2. The role of al,3-fucosylation of the asparagine-bound IV-acetylglucosamine. Bio chemicalJournal 284, 377-380. 

In the two sympatric races of honey bee in South Africa, queen-mimicking workers of Apis mellifera capensis invade queenright A. m. scutellata colonies and become a reproductive parasite. These pseudoqueens are not removed by workers or suppressed by the resident queen, and lay eggs that are acceptable to the colony [130]. Interestingly, these pseudoqueens may also fight to the death with the resident queen as multiple virgin queens do in a typical colony [131]. 

TERRESTRIAL PLANTS AND INVERTEBRATES Honey bee, Apis mellifera, Czechoslovakia, 1986-1987 Drones 77-89 DW 5... 

Adverse effects of fenvalerate on survival of terrestrial arthropods were observed at 0.002 to 0.015 pg whole-body topical application, O.llkg/ha aerial application, 5.4 mg/kg in the soil, 50 mg/kg in the diet, and 1.4 g/ant mound (Table 20.4). Synthetic pyrethroids are more effective in biological systems at low temperatures. The relative sensitivity of insects when compared with mammals is attributed in part to this negative temperature coefficient. Thus, warm-blooded animals are less affected than insects and other poikilotherms (Klaassen etal. 1986). Fenvalerate, for example, showed a negative correlation between temperature and toxicity to crickets (Acheta pennsylvanicus), being up to 1.9 times more toxic at 15°C than at 32°C (Harris etal. 1981). A similar case is made for honey bees (Apis mellifera) (Mayer et al. 1987) and for many species of aquatic invertebrates and fish (Mayer 1987). 

Taylor, K.S., G.D. Waller, and L.A. Crowder. 1987. Impairment of a classical conditioned response of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) by sublethal doses of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Apidologie 18 243-252. Theophilidis, G., M. Benaki, and E. Papadopoulu-Mourkidou. 1997. Neurotoxic action of six pyrethroid insecticides on the isolated sciatic nerve of a frog (Rana ridibunda). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 118C 97-103. Tippe, A. 1987. Evidence for different mechanisms of action of the three pyrethroids, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate, on the excitation threshold of myelinated nerve. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 28 67-74. 

Goodwin, R.M. and A. Ten Houten. 1991. Poisoning of honey bees (Apis mellifera) by sodium fluoroacetate (1080). N.Z. Jour. Zool. 18 45-51. 

Breed, M.D., Diaz, P.H. and Lucero, K.D. (2004) Olfactory information processing in honey bee, Apis mellifera, nestmate recognition. Anim. Behav. 68, 921-928. 

Apis mellifera (Honey bee), ability of colony guards to discriminate between members and intruders, 174 Apocrine glands, 189, 190 androgens from, 112 Areola, 326... 

Argauer, R. J. and M. Gilliam. 1974. A fluorometric method for determining oxytetracycline in treated colonies of the honey bee. Apis mellifera. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 23 51-4. 

Gilliam, M., Taber, S., III, and Argauer, R. J. 1978. Degradation of oxytetracycline in medicated sucrose and honey stored by caged honey bees. Apis mellifera. J. Invert. Path. 

Gilliam, M. and Argauer, R. J. 1981. Oxytetracycline Residues in Surplus Honey, Brood Nest Honey, and Larvae After Medication of Colonies of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera, with Antibiotic Extender Patties, sugar Dust, and syrup Sprays. Environmental Entomology 10 479-82. 

HONEY BEE, Apis mellifera 8.7 mg B/L symp (50 mg boric acid/L) No effect on survival (2)... 

A recent survey about essential oils and their pure constituents used to control Varroa jacobsoni, contained three interesting tables that reported the toxicity of essential oils for V. jacobsoni and Apis mellifera after 24, 48 and 72 hours in a topical application and in an evaporation test, and the effects of essential oils on behavior and reproduction of V jacobsoni and on the bee brood [63]. The most interesting oils were those of cinnamon and clove, with 100% mite mortality after 24 h and no significant toxicity on honey bees. Furthermore, clove essential oil produced small brood mortality, and it was an inhibitor of mite reproduction. Other effective oils were anise, fennel, lavender, rosemary and wintergreen, which killed 100% mites after 48-72 hours. On the contrary, the oils obtained from garlic, onion, oregano and thyme, were found to be very toxic for honey bees. Among pure constituents, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate and pinene resulted small brood mortality and inhibited mite reproduction. 

KA Lord, GR Cayley, LE Smart, R Manlove. Assay of carbaryl in honey bees (Apis mellifera) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 105 257-261, 1980. 

Anionic peptides are almost inactive in the presence of serum because they have the disadvantage of binding to serum proteins. Amphiphilic basic peptides, such as melittin (GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ-NH2), isolated from the venom of the European honey bee Apis mellifera (Dempsey, 1990) and K5, the... 

Huang, Z. and Knowles, C.O., Nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in honey bee (Apis mellifera) brain, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 97, 275-281, 1990. 

Plettner E., Slessor K. N. and Winston M. L. (1998) Biosynthesis of mandibular acids in honey bees (Apis mellifera) de novo synthesis, route of fatty acid hydroxylation and caste selective 8-oxidation. Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 28, 31-42. 

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