Parsley leaf oil

Parsley leaf oil is produced by steam distillation of the aerial parts of the plant, including the immature seeds. It is a yellow to light-brown liquid with the typical odor of the herb. 

Parsley Leaf Oil In 1991 a doctoral student did a very thorough study on the curly and flat leaf parsleys of Deutschland. He found that the flat leaf, and only the flat leaf, had an isomyristicin content of 4.7-7.7% [50]. Pretty cool, huh ... 

Zheng, G.Q. et al. Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced tumorigenesis by myristicin, a volatile aroma constituent of parsley leaf oil. Carcinogenesis, 13,1921, 1992. 

P-ionone resulting from the degradation of carotenoids. Other components are the monoterpenes myrcene, a-pinene, P-pinene, a-thujene, camphene, sabinene, car-3-ene (A -carene), a-and P-phellandrene, (S)-limonene, yterpinene, p-cymene and terpinolene. p-Mentha-l,3,8-triene is the main aroma constituent of parsley leaf oil. 

Parsley herb (leaf) oil contains myristicin (up to 85% in the curly moss variety), P-phellandrene, 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, myrcene, apiole, terpinolene, and l-methyl-4-isoprope-nylbenzene as major components. Other compounds present include a- and P-pinenes, fra 5-p-ocimene, y-terpinene, methyl disulfide, a-terpineol, a-copaene, caryophyllene, and carotol, among others.An assessment of 104 accessions found leaf oil content to range from 0.00% to 0.16% (fresh weight). Major constituents were 1,3,8-p-menthatriene (68%), myristicin (60%), P-phellandrene (33%), apiol (22%), myrcene (16%), plus terpinolene and l-methyl-4-isopropenylben-zene at 13%. Thymol, first reported for the leaf oil, was found at 2% or less in seven samples. More than 45 components have been reported from parsley leaf oil. ... 

APIOLE 23% of celery leaf oil, up to 30% in parsley leaf and seed oils, and in small amounts in cubeb, dill and fennel oils. 

Oleoresin Parsley Leaf Volatile Oil Content Between 2 mL and 10 mL/100 g. 

TABLE VIII. Comparative Chemical Composition of the Leaf Oils of both Curly and Flat Leaf Parsleys... 

Cominents Good looking little company. No sassafras but a lot of goodies. Calamus, parsley, cubeb, mace, carrot, basil and all those different cultivars of betel leaf oil. A small lineup of pure chems including methylchavicol and phenyl acetic acid. 

Myrcene is a hydrocarbon which occurs in many essential oils such as those obtained from parsley leaf, rosemary, celery leaf, hops, lemon-grass, cardamom seeds and blackcurrant buds. It is also obtained when P-pinene, a major constituent of turpentine, is heated to a high temperature. It has a pleasant odour for a hydrocarbon, being described as sweet, balsamic, herbal and refreshing. 

Production By steam distillation of the aerial parts of the parsley plant, including the unripe seeds. Composition A major part of the oil consists of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as a- andP- pinenes, myrcene, limonene, P-phellandrene (see p-mentha-dienes). The occurrence of p-mentha-1,3,8-triene (usually between 20 and 30%) (C,oH,4, Mr 134.22) is characteristic and mainly responsible for Ae organoleptic impression. According to recent investigations a series of other trace components with widely varying structures also contributes to the typical parsley odor. The leaf oil also contains lower concentrations of those compounds that constitute the main components of parsley seed oil (see below). 

Petroseiinum crispum extract. See Parsley (Carum petroseiinum) extract Petroseiinum crispum oleoresin. See Oleoresin parsley leaf Oleoresin parsley seed Petroseiinum crispum seed oil. See Parsley (Carum petroseiinum) seed oil Petroseiinum sativum extract. See Parsley (Carum petroseiinum) extract Petroseiinum sativum seed oil. See Parsley (Carum petroseiinum) seed oil Petrosui H-50, Petrosui H-60, Petrosui H-70, Petrosui HM-60, Petrosui HM-7(/, Petrosui HX-60, Petrosui L-60, Petrosui L-7(/, Petrosui M-50, Petrosui M-60, Petrosui M-70. See Sodium petroleum sulfonate Petrothene 655-662. See Polyethylene, high-density... 

Oleoresin parsley leaf Oleoresin parsley seed Oleoresin turmeric Olibanum (Bosweliia carterii) oil Onion (Allium cepa) oil Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) extract Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) flower oil Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) oil Orange oil, distilled Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) peel extract... 

Salsa Verde Capers, flat leaf parsley, olive oil, anchovy, lemon and rind... 

The analysis of the seed oil obtained from parsley has been reviewed [182] and can be compared to the leaf oil [183-185]. 

Among the leafy spices, 45 aroma volatiles of desert parsley have been identified, with the major constituents as myristicin, apiole, /3-phellandrene, p-mentha-1,3,8-triene and 4-isopropenyl-l-methylbenzene (MacLeod eta/., 1985). Among these, apiole in particular has a desirable parsley odour character. The leaf stems of celery show three main constituents of volatiles, e.g. apiole (about 23%), 3-butylphthalide (about 22%) and sedanolide (about 24%). The last two possess a strong characteristic celery aroma (MacLeod et al., 1988). Limonene (40.5%), P-selinene (16.3%), cis-ocimene (12.5%) and P-caryophyllene (10.5%) are some of the volatile oil constituents present in celery leaves from Nigeria (Ehiabhi et al., 2003). 

Franz, C. and Glasl, H. (1 976) Comparative investigations of fruit-, leaf- and root-oils of some parsley varieties. Qualitas Plantarum 25, 253-262. 

Bubarova, M. (1 973) Studies on the leaf essential oils of celery, parsley and their hybrids from the taxonomic aspect. Gradinarska i Lozarska Nauka 1 0(1), 23-32. 

The following tables should tell you all that your brain ever need know about parsley oils and their apiole contents. (Yeesh Am I obsessed or what ) Table VI is a more recent study (1988) and is a good comparison to what is presented in Table V [6]. The geographical sources for the oils in Table VI were not given. Table VII shows the major component content from leaves of some of the more novel global parsley sources [7]. Finally, Porter did a comparative chemical composition study of the oils obtained from the leaves of the two major parsley types curly leaf and flat leaf [8]. These were taken from various commercial suppliers and the data can be seen in Table VIII. 

Apiole Section you can see the consistent and humongous myristicin contents of various types of parsley oils (seeds, leaves and herbs), various types of parsley (curley and flat leaf) and various global origins. 

All parts of the parsley plant, Carum petroseltnum, Benth. et Hook., yield a volatile oil, but that from the leaf and root are not commercial articles. Parsley oil of commerce is invariably obtained from the fruit, which yields from 2 to 6 per cent. 

Palmitamidohexadecanediol Palmitamidopropyl betaine Palmitoyl carnitine Palmitoyl glutamic acid Palmitoyl hydroxypropyltrimonium amylopectin/glycerin crosspolymer Palmitoyl oligopeptide Pancreatin Panthenyl hydroxypropyl steardimonlum chloride Papain Parsley (Carum petroselinum) extract Parsley (Carum petroselinum) seed oil Peach (Prunus persica) kernel extract Peach (Prunus persica) leaf extract Pepsin Pigskin extract... 

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