Antiparasitic properties

Medicinals. Many esters are used as pharmaceuticals (105,106). Of these, benzocaine, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate [94-09-7] is a topical anesthetic. Phenyl saHcylate [118-55-8] (1) has antipyretic, antirheumatic, and antiparasitic properties. 

Cyclosporins, produced by the filamentous fungus Tolypocladium niveum and by numerous strains of Fusaria and Neocosmospora, are a class of cyclic undecapep-tides which are composed of hydrophobic aliphatic amino acids [73-75], They exhibit antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties [74], The main metabolite, cyclosporin A, is in clinical use worldwide under the trade name SANDIMMUN to prevent allograft rejection [77,78], Besides cyclosporin A, there are 24 naturally occuring cyclosporins which have substitutions of amino acids in positions 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 11 and/or contain unmethylated peptide bonds in positions 1,4,6,9,10, or 11 [79-82], Cyclosporin A contains three nonproteinogenic amino acids D-alanine in position 8, L-a-aminobutyric acid in position 2, and, in position 1, the unusual amino acid 4(R)-4-[(E)-2-butenyl]-4-methyl-L-threonine (Bmt) (Fig. 8). All three amino acids have to be synthesized by a pathway independent of the primary metabolism. In addition, several peptide bonds of the cyclosporin molecule are A -mcthylated similar to the depsipeptides enniatin, beauvericin and PF1022A-related peptides. 

Antiparasitic Properties of Medicinal Plants and Other Naturally Occurring Products S. Tagboto and S. Townson... 

For Latin American countries comprising Amazonian areas, development of their vast wilderness regions has become a national priority. The family Compositae has been widely used as medicinal plants in Latin American and their antiparasitic properties are well known. Reports on the protozoocidal activity of the genus Baccharis, a member of the Compositae, are recorded in the literature. Rojas de Arias et al. [97] investigated the trypanocidal effect of crude extracts of some Paraguayan Compositae on the bloodstream forms of... 

CYP163B3 (P450sky) from Streptomyces sp. Acta 2897 is involved in the biosynthesis of the cyclic depsipeptides skyllamycin A and B, with antibacterial, immunosuppressive, cytostatic, and antiparasitic properties [233], Skyllamycin A has been isolated from different Streptomyces strains and is a potent inhibitor of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway that is involved in important processes such as cellular proliferation and migration [234, 235]. The structure of skyllamycin has an unusual a-hydroxylated glycine residue, an N-terminal cinnamoyl side chain, and three P-hydroxylated amino acids ((25, 55)-p-hydroxyphenylalanine,... 

The antiparasitic properties of essential oils from A. absinthium, Artemisia annua, and Artemisia scoparia were tested on intestinal parasites Hymenolepis nana, Lamblia intestinalis, Syphacia obvelata, and Trichocephalus muris Trichuris muris). Infested white mice were injected with 0.01 mL/g of the essential oils (6%) twice a day for 3 days. The effectiveness of the essential oils was observed in 70% 90% of the tested animals (Chobanov et al., 2004). 

Chobanov, R.E., A.N. Aleskerova. S.N. Dzhanahmedova, and L.A. Sa eva, 2004. Experimental estimation of antiparasitic properties of essential oils of some Artemisia (Asteraceae) species of Azerbaijan ora. 

Mapharsen and other arsenic analogs remained in therapeutic use throughout the 1940s but were gradually replaced by penicillin. This does not mean that organoarsenic compounds have completely disappeared from the market. Indeed, they are still employed in veterinary medicine for their antiparasitic properties, and their antiviral activity has recently been studied. 

Thymol has antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic properties. It is less toxic than phenol, the LD50 of thymol being 980 mg/kg for rats in contrast to 530 mg/kg for phenol. Its antibacterial properties mean that it inhibits plaque formation, and therefore it finds use in oral care appUcations. It has been used as a fungicidal treatment for fabrics and as an anthelmintic for both humans and animals. Synthetic thymol finds relatively little use in perfumes and flavors, oils, such as thyme and basil, being used in preference. 

Polyamines and Polyamine Conjugates with Antibiotic, Bactericidal, or Antiparasitic Properties... 

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