Compositae family

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. is the official Latin name for the member of the Compositae family which is more commonly referred to as feverfew [6]. The plant had previously been classified as Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh., so the latter name is strictly speaking no longer correct. Other old classifications for feverfew are Leucanthemum parthenium (L.) Gren. Godron or Pyrethrum parthenium (L.) Sm. 

In 1959-61, a Czech group [8,9] reported the isolation of a new sesquiterpene lactone from Chrysanthemum (Tanacetum) parthenium as part of a study of the sesquiterpene lactones of the Compositae family. They named it parthenolide. The initial structure for parthenolide was later revised [10,11] and the accepted structure for parthenolide today is represented by structure (1). Parthenolide is a germacranolide-type sesquiterpene lactone. The crystal structure for parthenolide has also been reported [12]. Extractions of C. (T.) parthenium grown in Mexico, known locally as santamaria, did not yield parthenolide [13], but a closely related compound was isolated and named santamarine (3). This suggests that regional variations in the chemical constituents may occur. 

Crammer B, Ikan R, Weinstein V, Process for the extraction ofDiterpene Glycosides From certain Perennial Plants of the Compositae Family, Israel Patent No. 81351, 1990. 

A different cychzation reaction of 460, by treatment with iodine and silver oxide, gave l,6-dioxaspiro[3.4]octanes 469 (Scheme 130). This heterocychc core present in a series of sesquiterpenic lactones has interesting biological activity and is isolated as secondary metabolites from species of the Compositae family . 

Benzofuranic acids iraws-meranzinic acid (56).162 Euparinoid benzofurans the important class of euparinoids (extracts of plants of the Compositae family), contains benzofurans, dihydro-benzofurans, and also includes compounds with a hydronaphthofuran ring. We mention euparin (the earliest known) (5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-2-isopropenylbenzofuran) (57, R6=OH, R =H) 163 166, dehydro-tremetone (5-acetyl-2-isopropenylbenzofuran) (57, R6—R —H),167,168... 

Crepenynic acid 18 2 (9c, 12a) Accounts for 60% of the fatty acids in seeds of Crepis foetida, a member of the compositae family... 

An obligate ascomycetes, Erysiphe cichoracearum DC., powdery mildew, can be moderately severe on some Jerusalem artichoke lines in the southern U.S., while others remain essentially disease-free (McCarter, 1993). E. cichoracearum infects a wide range of species, especially so in the Compositae family. It is found worldwide and is especially critical in the hot, humid tropics and subtropics. Damage in temperate regions tends to be limited. The disease appears as white to gray areas on the leaves and occasionally on the stems, which is caused by superficial mycelium. With... 

The safflower plant is a member of the Compositae family. Other members of this family are the artichoke, chrysanthemum, niger, and sunflower. There are at least 25 species of the Carthamus genus that grow in the wild (18), but only C. tinc-torius, which we call safflower, has been domesticated some quantities of C. oxyacantha have been gathered and used as oil or food sources in India and Pakistan (19). 

Two patients who were sensitized to a member of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, mugwort, had severe systemic reactions (anaphylaxis and generalized urticaria/ angioedema) due to honey and royal jelly (13). Both had positive skin tests and RAST to mugwort, and in one case... 

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family native to certain regions of South America (Paraguay and Brazil). It is known to the Guarany people, native to these regions since time immemorial, by several names all of which refer to the sweet taste of the leaf, and especially to its use in mate tea Ilex paraguariensis). It is often referred to as the sweet herb of Paraguay . 

Inulin is a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide and is one of the major constituents of the Compositae family. Inulin is recommended to diabetics, as it has a mild sweet taste, but is not absorbed and does not affect blood sugar levels. It is used widely in the food industry as a sweetener and stabilizer. 

Plants Compositae family (ragweed, Australian bush)... 

Zhao, X., Chan, M., and Ogle, C. 1989. The identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants—a study on 20 herbs of the Compositae family. Am. J. Chin. Med. 17, 71-78. 

The type of plant can influence the effect of a macronutrient. For example, although nitrogen will cause an increase in vegetative growth, this increase is only of value for herbaceous plants such as those found in the Labiatae and Compositae families. Umbelliferous plants are of value for their seed essential oils. 

In the Compositae family are herbs such as Lads Love, Marigold, Mugwort, Tansy, Tarragon, Wormwood, etc., and these herbs have flowers which are ray or disk shaped, for example daisies, dandelions. 

Echinacea, a genus including nine species that grow in the United States, is a member of the daisy (Asteraceae Compositae) family. Three of these species are commonly found in herbal preparations the dried rhizome and roots of E. angustifolia, the narrow-leaved echinacea pallida, the pale-flowered echinacea and A. purpurea, the cultivated variety. The latter is the species most commonly found in herbal preparations (Tyler, 1993). 

Rosmarinine (54) was isolated from S. rosmarinifolius Linn (Compositae family) and upon hydrolysis afforded the necine base (-)-rosmarinecine (20) biosynthesis of 20 is well understood. The X-ray crystal structure of rosmarinine has been reported. The necine portion of 54 has been found in other pyrrolizidine alkaloids such as neorosmarinine (55), petitianine (56), angularine (58) and 12-<9-acetylrosmarinine (59)." In... 

The existence of morphologically identical plants which possess oils that have differing chemical compositions is not a new concept. In fact, the existence of infraspecific differences is widespread in the Labiatae and Compositae families, but it is not limited to them. A lew years ago Lawrence (2) showed that Ocimnm basilicum L. can contain oils that possess a variety of compositions. It was also found (hat oils contained constituents that were biosynthesized either via the shikimic acid pathway, or the mevalonic acid pathway, or both (Figure 11). A summary of the data obtained during the analysis of more than 200 separate O. basilicum plants revealed that they possessed oils that, not only contained components from single pathways or dual pathways, but also within these groupings a wide quantitative variation of constituents was also observed. A summary of these data can be seen in Tables X and XI. 

New Polyacetylenic Compounds from Terrestrial Plants.- The majority of new compounds have been isolated from members of the large Compositae family, and many are reported as a result of Bohlmann s continuing study of this family. Most are closely related to known structural types and their structures therefore follow easily from spectral data. The growing use of high resolution n.m.r. for this purpose is apparent. Unless otherwise indicated the species mentioned belong to the Compositae. 

Guin JD, Schosser RH, Rosenberg EW (1990) Magnolia grandiflora dermatitis. Dermatol Clin 8 81 Mitchell JC, Dupuis G (1971) Allergic contact dermatitis from Sesquiterpenoids of the Compositae family of plants. Br J Dermatol 84 139-150... 

Steinbrink W (1950) Besondere Beobachtungen an allergischen Krankheiten. Z Gesamte Inn Med 5 311-314 Storrs FJ, Mitchell JC, Rasmussen JE (1976) Contact hypersensitivity to liverwort in the Compositae family of plants. Cutis 18 681-686... 

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