Antimicrobial surface coating

There are many applications in the medical and food sanitization fields for which antimicrobial surface coatings are needed. There are commercially available products making antibacterial claims, but they are limited in their applications by such factors as a poor spectra of activity, high cost, and toxicity. Work in the laboratories at Auburn Uifiversity over the past two decades has established a novel class of heterocyclic orgaific compounds termed A-halamines that have been demonstrated to be excellent antimicrobial materials for a broad variety of applications. 

Rapsch and co-workers have discussed the antimicrobial activities of different peptides [48b]. They developed a rapid and efficient screening procedure to identify and investigate which biologically active peptides, in an immobilised state, could produce an effective antimicrobial surface coating. In addition to this, an antimicrobial surface coating of peptides exhibited no cytotoxic activity against a eukaryotic cell line (Figure 2.6). 

U. Konwar, N. Karak and M. Mandal, Vegetable oil based highly branched polyester/clay silver nanocomposites as antimicrobial surface coating materials , Prog Org Coat, 2010, 68, 265-73. 

Ti02-coated medical-grade AlSl 304 stainless steel provides an effective antimicrobial surface coating method for medical implements, thereby reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infection, and in particular infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (Chung et al., 2008). 

Kugel AJ, Jarabek LE, Daniels JW et al. (2009) Combinatorial materials research applied to the development of new surface coatings XII novel, environmentally friendly antimicrobial coatings derived from biocide-functional acrylic polyols and isocyanates. J Coat Technol Res 6 107-121... 

There is a recognised need for antimicrobial additives in plastics and all types of surface coatings to maintain then-integrity and appearance. The current available laboratory test methods do not always provide a good indication of performance and some could be open to misinterpretation. In addition, the use of additives for claims of antibacterial... 

An antibacterial active film was developed by lauroyl arginine ethyl ester (LAE)-coating onto a previously corona surface activated PLA film. The presence of anchored LAE molecules was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial activity of the LAE/PLA films against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium was confirmed in vitro by the agar diffusion assay and in vivo on contaminated cooked ham slices. Films also showed their antimicrobial efficiency in the quantitative JIS Z 2801 2000 method of analysis of antimicrobial surfaces. ... 

The performance and durability of a surface coating will not only depend on the attributes of the coating but will also be determined by the particular chemistry created at the interface. This chapter also reviews how scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and antimicrobial testing (growth inhibition and kill rate) can provide practical information about the effectiveness of a surface treatment applied to biotextiles or antimicrobial textiles. As the demand for such bioactive products increases, such tests help to ensure that products meet essential safety criteria and achieve an appropriate level of performance and durability. 

Tai YC, McGuire J, Neff JA. Nisin antimicrobial activity and structural characteristics at hydrophobic surfaces coated with the PEO-PPO-PEO niblock surfactant Pluronic F108. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008 322 104—11. 

In the early 2000s, the second-generation CH/SS-coated CVCs were marketed. These catheters have both surfaces coated with antimicrobials silver sulfadiazine is present on the external surface and chlorhexidine on the intraluminal surface. In addition, the concentration of chlorhexidine was three times higher than that present into the first-generation catheters. 

The mixture of dodecylammonium lactate and dodecylammonium salicylate possesses a wide spectrum of microbicidal efficacy which covers Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and algae. It may be used for the preparation of microbicidal wash solutions for the antimicrobial treatment for surface coatings, masonry, brick, wood and plaster. The wash solution should contain 0.5-3% of the mixture (concentrate) a 5% solution may be necessary in cases of particularly severe surface infestation. Other applications Treatment of industrial water circuits, eradication of dry-rot of timber. 

Current solutions and developments in the field of antimicrobial surfaces include, among others, silver (or other antibacterial element) containing coatings and surfaces, photocatalytic TiOi surfaces, bacterial adhesion inhibiting surfaces, and antibiotic loaded coatings. ... 

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