Infections hospital-acquired

The sole objective of all hygiene and manufacturing controls is to ensure the quality of the pharmaceuhcal product for the safety and protection of the pahent. The manufacture of non-sterile pharmaceutical products requires that certain criteria of cleanliness, personal hygiene, produchon methods and storage must be met. Many such products are for oral and topical use and the question may fairly be posed as to the point of what are now quite stringent conditions. Nevertheless, some carefully controlled hospital studies have indeed shown that both types of medicine may be associated with nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections and this risk can be minimized by the application of GMP principles. 

Dancer, S. J. (2009). The role of environmental cleaning in the control of hospital-acquired infection. /. Hosp. Infect. 73,378-385. 

If P. aeruginosa is suspected, or with sepsis from hospital-acquired infections, an antipseudomonal antibiotic, such as ceftazidime, is recommended. 

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an emerging public health crisis. The prevalence of pathogens resistant to currently available antibiotics continues to grow annually. Two million patients in the U.S. acquire an infection during a hospital stay and approximately 90,000 of these patients die each year as a result of the infection [1]. More than 70% of hospital-acquired infections are now resistant to... 

Nosocomial Denoting a new disorder (not the patient s original condition) associated with being treated in a hospital, such as a hospital-acquired infection. 

Teicoplanin (TE) is produced by certain strains of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus [28]. It is applied in the treatment of severe hospital-acquired infections caused by... 

It is indicated in bacteremia, septicaemia, febrile neutropenia and hospital acquired infections. 

Today hand washing is more important than ever. Many hospital-acquired infections are of the mrsa type (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus), which are difficult to deal with. Medical workers who practice good hygiene can reduce the risk. But everyone, of course, should pay close attention to hand washing. It may be one of the most effective disease prevention measures we can take, since microbes lurk everywhere. You would be amazed at what can be cultured from toilet flush levers, faucets, telephones, and other people s hands and cheeks. Maybe those affected types who gurgle Dahling and air kiss when they meet are on to something. 

Gram-negative bacilli Acinetobacter Infections in various tissues hospital-acquired infections An aminoglycoside + ticarcillin Imipenem or meropenem ciprofloxacin trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ampi-cillin/sulbactam... 

Serratia marcescens Various opportunistic and hospital-acquired infections 3rd-generation cephalosporin gentamicin Aztreonam ciprofloxacin imipenem meropenem trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole... 

The need for new antibiotics is driven by the recent rise in the incidence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The emergence of multiple-drug resistance to community-acquired infections, such as those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is particularly alarming due to the ease of transmission [1-4], Recent reports show that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the common cause of hospital-acquired infections, has also moved into the community [5],... 

Page K, Wilson M, Parkin IP (2009) Antimicrobial surfaces and their potential in reducing the role of the inanimate environment in the incidence of hospital-acquired infections. J Mater Chem 19 3819-3831... 

Antistaphylococcal penicillins Methicillin [meth i SILL in], naf-cillin [naf SILL in], oxacillin [ox a SILL in], cloxacillin [klox a SILL in], and dicloxacillin [dye klox a SILL in] are penicillinase-resistant penicillins. Their use is restricted to the treatment of infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Because of its toxicity, methicillin is rarely used. Methicillin-resistarft strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), currently a serious source of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, are usually susceptible to vancomycin, and rarely to ciprofloxacin or rifampin. 

Increasing numbers, world-wide, of nosocomical (hospital-acquired) infections are caused by MRSA strains [255], Such strains particularly affect patients in intensive-care units [246], In the UK, gentamicin resistance suddenly appeared in 1976 and MGRSA strains caused severe major hospital outbreaks. It has been proposed [186, 227, 229] that, since resistance to nucleic acid-binding (NAB) compounds, such as chlorhexidine, amidines,... 

The organisms that are likely to cause the infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility should be known or predicted accurately. Routine monitoring in surgical hospitals provides information on the normal equine flora and nosocomial pathogens that are involved commonly in hospital-acquired infections. 

The use of an indwelling catheter frequently is associated with infection of the urinary tract and represents the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection. The incidence of catheter-associated infection is related to a variety of factors, including method and duration of catheterization, the catheter system (open or closed), the care of the system, the susceptibility of the patient, and the technique of the health care personnel inserting the catheter. The incidence of infection from a single catheterization in a healthy ambulatory patient is 1%. Bacteria may enter the bladder in a number of ways. During the catheterization, bacteria may be introduced directly into the bladder from the urethra. Once the catheter is in place, bacteria may pass up the lumen of the catheter via the movement of air bubbles, by motility of the bacteria, or by capillary action. In addition, bacteria may reach the bladder from around the exudative sheath that surrounds... 

---