Anticomplementary activity

Kim, D.S. et al., Anticomplementary activity of ginseng saponins and their degradation products, Phytochemistry, 47, 397, 1998. 

Since some inflammation, including hepatitis and nephritis, is caused by excessive immunoreaction, it might be possible that OGs in the edible fabaceous plants play an important role for suppression of some inflammation. In Fig. (15), the obtained structure-anticomplementary activity relationships are shown. 

Table 14 Composition, anticoagulant (antithrombic), and anticomplementary activities of dextran derivatives with different DS of carboxymethyl (CM), benzylamide (B) and sulfonate/sulfate (S) functions ...

The anticoagulant activity of dextran derivatives were assessed by measuring the thrombin clotting time (ThNIH units) of freshly prepared platelets from plasma in the presence of the CMD, CMDB, CMDBSSu and CMDSu polymers and of human thrombin (1094 NIH units mL 1). The anticomplementary activity was expressed as the amount of polymer that inhibits 50% formation of the alternative and classical pathway C3 convertase [220,290,291]. 

Nephritis is an autoimmune disease caused by activation of the complement system. Cinnamon cortex and cinnamon oil inhibited complement formation in vitro. Cinncassiol C, and its glucoside, the cinncassiols C2 and C3 and cinncassiol D, and its glucoside were reported to possess anticomplementary activity. A water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from the cinnamon extract showed complement system activity (Tang and Eisenbrand, 1992). 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde and 2-benzyloxy cinnamaldehyde isolated from the stem bark of cinnamon possessed immunomodulatory effects (Koh et al., 1999). 

Inhibition of platelet aggregation factor (PAF) acether induced edema Anticomplementary activity... 

Anticomplementary Activity of Lignans from Eucommia Ulmoides ... 

Y Oshima, S Tanaka, H Hikino, T Deyama, G Kinoshita. Anticomplementary activity of the constituents of Eucommia uhnoides bark. J Ethrtophamtacol 23 159-164, 1988. 

R. Gonda, M. Tomoda, N. Shimizu, and H. Yamada, Structure and anticomplementary activity of an acidic polysaccharide from the leaves of Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana, Carbohydr. Res., 198 (1990) 323-329. 

Since the complement system is highly involved in an inflammatory response [54,55] many substances exhibiting anticomplementary activity have proved to be effective antiinflammatory agents [56]. In this connection we studied and compared the effects of the ethanolic extract of Fraxinus omus bark and its main component esculin (1) on some in vitro and in vivo reactions related to acute inflammatory processes [57]. Quantitative RP-HPLC analysis of the total extract used in this study showed the following hydroxycoumarin composition esculin 40.0%, esculetin 2.4%, fraxin 7.8% and ffaxetin 0.4% [14]. 

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been degraded by enzymic preparations from Helix pomatia, resulting in an extensive loss of anticomplementary activity. The lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharide appeared to be the main site of attack with little evidence for the degradation of the polysaccharide component. 

Coriolus versicolor (Lexfr) Quel. Polyporaceae Increase production of NO, enhance apoptosis of Eca109 cells, anticomplementary activity [1,4 150]... 

Figure 8. Effect of tryptophan modification by NBB (2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylbromide) on anticomplementary activity of rabbit IgG and its Fc fragment. IgG was first modified and then heat-aggregated. Modified Fc was tested as such. Results refer to 100 /i,g of each preparation. Reproduced with permission from Allan and Isliker (1974a) copyright 1974, Peigamon Press, Ltd.

The anticomplementary activity of 19 lignoids obtained from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (Eucommiaceae) was evaluated by Oshima et al. [27]. (+)-Syringaresinol monoglucoside (42), (+)-medioresinol monoglucoside (eucommin A) (43) and (-)-epipinoresinol (44) were active as inhibitors of the classical pathway (inhibition between 25 and 30%) at a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml or about 3 pM. 

Glovsky et al. observed an anticomplementary activity for levopimaric acid (45), a derivative of abietic acid, and prepared a number of synthetic derivatives such as maleopimaric acid (46) and fumaropimaric acid (47), being Diels-Alder substitution products of levopimaric acid v ith maleic anhydride or fumaric acid, respectively [28, 29]. Maleic acid is cis-butenedioic acid, fumaric acid is trans-butenedioic acid. Maleopimaric acid inhibited complement-mediated haemolysis via classical path-way activation (45% inhibition at a concentration of 500 iM), Fumaropimaic acid inhibited in vivo complement-dependent systemic Frossman, cutaneous Frossman, and reverse passive Arthus reactions. These pimaric acid derivatives have already been included in earlier reviews on complement-active compounds [8, 30]. The... 

An anticomplementary activity was demonstrated by Yamada et al. for some phytosterols, including stigmasterol (being the most potent one), p-sitosterol and... 

An iridoid isolated from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiaceae) genipin (55), showed a stronger anticomplementary activity (i.e. 75.3 1.8% inhibition of the classical pathway at a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml or 6.6 pM) than... 

Cimanga K, De Bruyne T, Lasure A, Van Poel B, Pieters L, Vanden Berghe D, Vlietinck A (1995) In vitro anticomplementary activity of constituents from Morinda morindoides. J Nat Prod 58 372-378... 

Yamada H, Yoshino M, Matsumoto T, Nagai T, Kiyohara H, Cyong J-C, Nakagawa A, Tanaka H, Omura S (1987) Effects of phytosterols on anticomplementary activity. Chem Pharm Bull 35 4851-4855... 

Kapil A, Moza N (1992) Anticomplementary activity of boswellic acids-an inhibitor of... 

Okuda T, Yoshioka Y, Ikekawa T, Chihara G, Nishioka K (1972) Anticomplementary activity of antitumor polysaccharides. Nature New Biol 238 59-60... 

Evidence for complement consumption in acute PEM has also been presented. Chandra (1975) has demonstrated significant immunocon-glutinin titers, an antibody to activated complement components, in acute PEM. Consistent with this observation, Chandra also found electrophoretically altered C3 in serum of such patients, and in some subjects anticomplementary activity capable of reducing the hemolytic complement titer through activation of the complement cascade. Haller et al. (1978) have also reported increased levels of C3D and reduced factor B, suggesting vivo activation of the alternative pathway. We have demonstrated diminished serum opsonic activity in acute PEM for IE. coli (Keusch et al., 1977a, b) particularly for a strain opsonized via the alternative pathway. 

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