Anticomplementary

Kim, D.S. et al., Anticomplementary activity of ginseng saponins and their degradation products, Phytochemistry, 47, 397, 1998. 

Since some inflammation, including hepatitis and nephritis, is caused by excessive immunoreaction, it might be possible that OGs in the edible fabaceous plants play an important role for suppression of some inflammation. In Fig. (15), the obtained structure-anticomplementary activity relationships are shown. 

Table 14 Composition, anticoagulant (antithrombic), and anticomplementary activities of dextran derivatives with different DS of carboxymethyl (CM), benzylamide (B) and sulfonate/sulfate (S) functions ...

The anticoagulant activity of dextran derivatives were assessed by measuring the thrombin clotting time (ThNIH units) of freshly prepared platelets from plasma in the presence of the CMD, CMDB, CMDBSSu and CMDSu polymers and of human thrombin (1094 NIH units mL 1). The anticomplementary activity was expressed as the amount of polymer that inhibits 50% formation of the alternative and classical pathway C3 convertase [220,290,291]. 

Nephritis is an autoimmune disease caused by activation of the complement system. Cinnamon cortex and cinnamon oil inhibited complement formation in vitro. Cinncassiol C, and its glucoside, the cinncassiols C2 and C3 and cinncassiol D, and its glucoside were reported to possess anticomplementary activity. A water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from the cinnamon extract showed complement system activity (Tang and Eisenbrand, 1992). 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde and 2-benzyloxy cinnamaldehyde isolated from the stem bark of cinnamon possessed immunomodulatory effects (Koh et al., 1999). 

Inhibition of platelet aggregation factor (PAF) acether induced edema Anticomplementary activity... 

Anticomplementary Activity of Lignans from Eucommia Ulmoides ... 

Y Oshima, S Tanaka, H Hikino, T Deyama, G Kinoshita. Anticomplementary activity of the constituents of Eucommia uhnoides bark. J Ethrtophamtacol 23 159-164, 1988. 

R. Gonda, M. Tomoda, N. Shimizu, and H. Yamada, Structure and anticomplementary activity of an acidic polysaccharide from the leaves of Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana, Carbohydr. Res., 198 (1990) 323-329. 

Since the complement system is highly involved in an inflammatory response [54,55] many substances exhibiting anticomplementary activity have proved to be effective antiinflammatory agents [56]. In this connection we studied and compared the effects of the ethanolic extract of Fraxinus omus bark and its main component esculin (1) on some in vitro and in vivo reactions related to acute inflammatory processes [57]. Quantitative RP-HPLC analysis of the total extract used in this study showed the following hydroxycoumarin composition esculin 40.0%, esculetin 2.4%, fraxin 7.8% and ffaxetin 0.4% [14]. 

The comparison between the effects obtained with TE2 and 1 in the hemolytic inhibitory assay indicates that the anticomplementory action of TE2 is not due only to esculin. The effect of esculin on CP activity was less pronounced than that of the total extract, although it represents 40% of the content of TE2 and in these experiments it was tested in equal concentrations with TE2. The full inhibition of AP activity was achieved at concentration of 50pg for both esculin and TE2. This also suggested that, excepting esculin, some other extract constituents contribute to its anticomplementary action. The esculin concentration causing 50% inhibition of complement activity in vitro is about 10"4 M which appears to be similar to that established for chemically similar compounds. 

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been degraded by enzymic preparations from Helix pomatia, resulting in an extensive loss of anticomplementary activity. The lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharide appeared to be the main site of attack with little evidence for the degradation of the polysaccharide component. 

Coriolus versicolor (Lexfr) Quel. Polyporaceae Increase production of NO, enhance apoptosis of Eca109 cells, anticomplementary activity [1,4 150]... 

Figure 8. Effect of tryptophan modification by NBB (2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylbromide) on anticomplementary activity of rabbit IgG and its Fc fragment. IgG was first modified and then heat-aggregated. Modified Fc was tested as such. Results refer to 100 /i,g of each preparation. Reproduced with permission from Allan and Isliker (1974a) copyright 1974, Peigamon Press, Ltd.

In vivo studies on saponins isolated from Bupleurum rotundifolium L. (Apiaceae) were reported to have anti-inflammatory activity against both TPA-induced ear oedema and chronic skin inflammation [75]. Kim et al. suggested that the antiinflammatory activity of these saponins is related to anticomplementary action through the classical inflammation pathway [76]. Tumor promoters induce TNE-a, which stimulates the production of cell adhesion molecules. EGCG inhibited NE-kB and expression of TNE-a, thereby reducing cancer promotion [77]. 

L.PiLLEMER and E.E.Eckers, Anticomplementary Factor in Fresh Yeast, J. biol. Chem. 137, 139-142 (1941). 

AS3 Glykanogalacturonan 7,600 - antiinflammatory (rat paw edema) - anticomplementary - immunostimulating (Carbon Clearance) Achyrocline satureioides [87]... 

OL-2 p-Glucan 610,000 - anticomplementary - antitumoral - release of IL-1, IL-6, TNFa Omphalia lapidescens [93 55]... 

RP 2 Amylopectin 50,000 - anticomplementary - immunostimulating (enhanced proliferation of lymphocytes Urtica dioica [57, 103, 104]... 

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