Morinda morindoides

Cimanga, K. et al., Flavonoid 0-glycosides from the leaves of Morinda morindoides. Phytochemistry, 38, 1301, 1995. 

Cimanga K, Kambu K, Tona L, Hermans N, Apers S, Totte J, Pieters L, Vlietinek AJ. Antiamoebic Activity of Iridoids from Morinda morindoides Leaves. Planta Medica. 2006 72 751-753. 

Cimanga K, Hermans N, Apers S, Van Miert S, Van den Heavel H, Claeys M, Pieters L, Vlietinck A (2003) Complement-inhibiting iridoids from Morinda morindoides. J Nat Prod 66 97-102... 

Tamura S, Kubata BK, Syamsnrizal IS, Hoiii T, Taba MK, Murakami N (2010) New anti-malarial phenylpropanoid ctmiugated iridoids from Morinda morindoides. Biorg Med Chem Lett 20 1520-1523... 

The complement-modulating principles of several plants have been identified as flavonoids, e.g. in leaves of Morinda morindoides (Baker) Milne Redh. (Rubiaceae) [17-19]. It was demonstrated that quercetin, quercitrin and rutin inhibited the classical pathway in a dose-dependent manner, but that the effect on the alternative pathway was not dose-dependent [18]. Morindaoside, a 7-0-rhamnosylsophoroside of kaempferol (kaempferol 7-0-[rhamnosyl-(l-6)]-[glucosyl-(l-2)]-glucoside), showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the classical pathway (40.8 8.6% inhibition at 1 mM), and a dose-dependent activation of the alternative pathway (56.1 4.5% activation at 1 mM). Rosmarinic acid, used as a reference compound, inhibited both the classical and the alternative pathway in a dose-dependent way. Kaempferol (19) was about as active as morindaoside as an inhibitor of the classical pathway (33.2 11.5% inhibition at 1 mM), but less active as an activator of the alternative pathway (28.6 3.7% activation at 1 mM) [19]. 

Cimanga K, De Bruyne T, Lasure A, Van Poel B, Pieters L, Vanden Berghe D, Vlietinck A (1995) In vitro anticomplementary activity of constituents from Morinda morindoides. J Nat Prod 58 372-378... 

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