Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Feldmann, M., Elliott, M.J., Woody, J.N., Maini, R.N. 1997. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Advances in Immunology 64, 283-350. 

Mohan, N. et al, Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides, Arthritis Rheum., 44,2862, 2001. 

Maini, R. N., Breedveld, E. C., Kalden, J. R., et al. (1998) Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 41, 1552-1563. 

Infliximab, anti tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF(alpha), chimeric human IgGl... 

Maini, R., St. Clair, E. W., Breedveld, F., Furst, D., Kalden, J., Weisman, M., Smolen, J., Emery, P. 1999. Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate a randomised phase HI trial. Attract study group. Lancet 354 1932-1939. 

G10. Gurevitch, J., Frolkis, I., Yuhas, Y., Lifschitz-Mercer, B., Berger, E., Paz, Y., Matsa, M., Kramer A., and Mohr, R., Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha improves myocardial recovery after ischemia and reperfusion. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 30, 1554-1561 (1997). 

Kekow J, Welte T, Kellner U, Pap T. Development of rheumatoid nodules during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy with etanercept. Arthritis Rheum 2002 46(3) 843. ... 

Yee AM, Pochapin MB. Treatment of complicated sarcoidosis with infliximab anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Ann Intern Med 2001 135(1) 27-31. 

Cui J, Saevarsdottir S, Thomson B, Padyukov L, van der Helm-van Mil AH, Nititham J et al (2010) Rheumatoid arthritis risk allele PTPRC is also associated with response to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Arthritis Rheum 62 1849-1861... 

Weinblatt ME, Keystone EC, Furst DE, et al. AdaUmumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, for flie treatment of rheumatoid arfluitis in patients taking concomitant mefliotrexate The ARMADA trial [erratum appears in Arfluitis Rheum 2003 48 855]. Arthritis Rheum 2003 48 35 5. 

Vermeire S, Noman M, Van Assche G, Baert F, Van Steen K, Esters N, Joossens S, Bossuyt X, Rutgeerts P (2003) Autoimmunity associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment in Crohn s disease a prospective cohort study. Gastroenterology, 125 32-39. 

Tilg, H., Jalan, R., Kaser, A., Davies, N. A., Offner, F. A., Hodges, S. J., Ludwiczek, O., Shawcross, D., Zoller, H., Alisa, A., Mookerjee, R. P., Graziadei, L, Datz, C., Trauner, M., Schuppan, D., Obrist, P., Vogel, W. and Williams, R. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 38 (2003) 419 25. 

Prosthetics CytoTAb target anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha polyclonal antibody (licensed in late 2005 to Astra Zeneca)... 

Weisman M FI, Moreland L W, Furst D E, et al. (2003). Efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and safety assessment of adalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody, in adults with rheumatoid arthritis receiving concomitant methotrexate A pilot study. Clin. Therapeut. 25 1700-1721. 

Tak PP, Taylor PC, Breedveld FC et al. Decrease in cellularity and expression of adhesion molecules by anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996 39(7) 1077-1081. 

EUerin T, Rubin RH, Weinblatt ME. Infections and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Arthritis Rheum 2003 48(ll) 3013-3022. 

Massara A, Cavazzini L, La Corte R, Trotta F. Sarcoidosis appearing during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy a new class effect paradoxical phenomenon. Two case reports and literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010 39 (4) 313-9. 

Wattiez R et al. Human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein two-dimensional database study of interstitial lung diseases. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2703-2712. Yanagida M et al. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis of proteins detected by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody on two-dimensional-gels of fibrolast cell lysates after tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. Electrophoresis 2000 21 1890-1898. 

Recently, the possibility to use C60 as anti-inflammatory compound has been reported (Huang et al., 2008). Fullerene-xanthine hybrids have been studied to determine if nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages can be inhibited by hybrid administration, finding positive results. The presence of xanthine moiety seems to be essential for the inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-a production, while the fullerene portion ameliorates the efficiency in LPS-induced NO production blockage, leading to a new promising class of potent anti-inflammatoiy agents. It is necessary to mention also the opposite results obtained by an amino acid fullerene derivative tested on human epidermal keratinocytes at concentration from 0.4 to 400 pg/mL. 

Mechanism of Action An immunomodulator whose exact mechanism is unknown. Has sedative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activity, which may be due to selective inhibition of the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Therapeutic Effect Improves muscle wasting in HIV patients reduces local and systemic effects of leprosy. 

Finally, antibodies such as adalimumab (Humira) and infliximab (Remicade) have been developed that bind directly to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), thereby preventing this cytokine from causing damage to joints and other tissues. These anti-TNF-alpha drugs are therefore helpful in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis their pharmacology is addressed in more detail in Chapter 16. 

Bisphosphonates (particularly clodronate) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as in arthritis in humans. In adjuvant- and antigen-induced arthritis in rats, clodronate suppresses the inflammatory articular lesions in the inflamed joints [29], whilst in human RA, clodronate decreases the levels of interleukin (ILJ-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFaand /1-microglobulin in the circulation [30]. In vitro, clodronate inhibits cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) release and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in macrophage-like cells. 

Gauchat, J.F., Aversa, G., Gascan, H. and De-Vries, J.E. (1992a). Modulation of IL-4 induced germline epsilon RNA synthesis in human B cells by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies or transforming growth factor-beta correlates with levels of IgE production. Int. Immunol. 4, 397-406. 

Croci T, Landi M, Galzin AM, Marini P (2003) Role of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the gut and systemic anti-inflammatory activity of SR 141716 (Rimonabant) in rodents. Br J Pharmacol 140 115-122... 

ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate IBD inflammatory bowel disease NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug TPMT thiopurine S-methyltransferase TNF-a tumor necrosis factor-alpha... 

Chung ES, Packer M, Lo KH, et al. Randomized, double-bUnd, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure Results of the anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure (ATTACH) trial. Circulation 2003 107 3133-3140. 

The mature peptide is derived from a pre-pro-form, which consists of 170 amino acids, being located between amino acid positions 125 to 152 within the prepro-form. Antigenic stimulation results in the early production of proinflammatory cytokines by activated macrophages, followed by the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, including Aviptadil, from sources such as peptidergic innervations or the immune cells themselves. Aviptadil inhibits the production of the proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12 and nitric ox-... 

It is more likely that hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation produees its effects through down-regulation of aggrecanse-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinases leading to anti-inflammatory, anabolic and analgesic effects, or through an interaction between hyaluronic acid and cell receptor CD44 [83, 95, 105, 113]. 

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