Monoclonal antibody treatments

Herdon, F.J. and Kayes, S.G. (1992) Depletion of eosinophils by anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody treatment of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis does not alter parasite burden or immunologic resistance to re-infection. Journal of Immunology 149, 3642-3647. 

Embrel (Immunex) Monoclonal antibody (treatment of rheumatoid arthritis) 0.7... 

Murry, J. (2000). Monoclonal antibody treatment of solid tumors a coming of age. Semin. Oncol. 27(6), 64-70. Senter, P. Springer, C. (2001). Selective activation of anticancer prodrugs by monoclonal antibody-enzyme conjugates. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 53(3), 247-264. 

Braendstrup P, Bjerrum OW, Nielsen OJ, Jensen BA, et al. 2005. Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment for adult refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am... 

Zheng XX, Markees TG, Hancock WW, Li Y, et al. 1999. CTLA4 signals are required to optimally induce allograft tolerance with combined donor specific transfusion and anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody treatment. J Immunol. 162 4983-4990. 

Coles AJ, Wing M, Smith S, Coraddu F, Greer S, Taylor C, Weetman A, Hale G, Chatteqee VK, Waldmann H, Compston A. Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1999 354(9191) 1691-5. 

Murray, J. L. 2000. Monoclonal antibody treatment of solid tumors. Sem. Oncol. 27 64—70. 

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are widely recognized to be a most promising means to treat an increasing number of human diseases, including cancers and autoimmunity. To a large extent, the efficacy of monoclonal antibody treatment is because IgG antibodies have greatly extended persistence in vivo. However, conventional rodent models do not mirror human antibody pharmacokinetics. The key molecule responsible for the extended persistence antibodies is the major histocompatibility complex class I family Fc receptor, FcRn. We describe human FcRn transgenic mouse models and how they can be exploited productively for the preclinical pharmacokinetic evaluation of therapeutic antibodies. 

Tak, P. P., Taylor, P. C., Breedveld, F. C., Smeets, T.J., Daha, M. R., Kluin, P. M. etal. (1996). Decrease in cellularity and expression of adhesion molecules by anti-tumor necrosis factor a monoclonal antibody treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 39, 1077-1081. 

Delmonico, F.L. Cosimi, A.B. Monoclonal antibody treatment of human allograft recipients. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 1988, 166, 89-98. 

Cavalli-Bjorkman N, Osby E, Lundin J, Kalin M, Osterborg A, Gruber A. Fatal adenovirus infection during alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) treatment of a patient with fludarabine-refractory B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Med Oncol 2002 19(4) 277-80. 

Bevacizumab - monoclonal antibody treatment of colorectal cancer Bezafibrate - lipid lowering drug Bicalutamide - chemotherapy of prostate cancer Bisacodyl - stimulant laxative... 

Trastuzumab - monoclonal antibody treatment of breast cancer... 

Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits the binding of human IgE to its high-affinity receptor FceRI by selectively binding the immunoglobulin in solution, has been used as a successful treatment of intractable allergic asthma. The efficacy of the monoclonal antibody treatment was therefore investigated in patients with chronic autoimmune urticaria who remained symptomatic on antihistamine therapy. Of the 12 patients treated, seven showed complete resolution of the urticaria, four responded with a decrease in the urticaria activity score but the urticaria persisted, and one patient showed no improvement. 

Ricin [9009-86-3], a phytotoxin found in the seeds of the castor oil plant Acinus communis, conjugated to murine monoclonal antibody (Immunogen Corp.), has been approved by the U.S. Food and Dmg Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with B-ceU leukemia and lymphoma (59). 

Mammalian Cells Unlike microbial cells, mammalian cells do not continue to reproduce forever. Cancerous cells have lost this natural timing that leads to death after a few dozen generations and continue to multiply indefinitely. Hybridoma cells from the fusion of two mammalian lymphoid cells, one cancerous and the other normal, are important for mammalian cell culture. They produce monoclonal antibodies for research, for affinity methods for biological separations, and for analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of some diseases. However, the frequency of fusion is low. If the unfused cells are not killed, the myelomas 1 overgrow the hybrid cells. The myelomas can be isolated when there is a defect in their production of enzymes involved in nucleotide synthesis. Mammahan cells can produce the necessary enzymes and thus so can the fused cells. When the cells are placed in a medium in which the enzymes are necessaiy for survival, the myelomas will not survive. The unfused normal cells will die because of their limited life span. Thus, after a period of time, the hybridomas will be the only cells left ahve. 

Anticytokine antibodies Infliximab Chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody against TNEa. Effective in the treatment of severe forms of rheumatoid arthritis where it can halt disease progression, or inflammatory bowel disease (EBD). 

This is a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody. At present it is in clinical use after bone marrow transplantation and for the treatment of refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 

Treatment for PTLD is still controversial however, the most common treatment options include reduction of immunosuppression, chemotherapy,11,82 and anti-B cell monoclonal antibodies.79... 

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody to the CD20 receptor expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes the presence of the antibody is determined during flow cytometry of the tumor cells. Cell death results from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The pharmacokinetics of rituximab are best described by a two-compartment model, with a terminal half-life of 76 hours after the first infusion and a terminal half-life of 205 hours after the fourth dose.36 Rituximab has shown clinical activity in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas that are CD20+. Side effects include hypersensitivity reactions, hypotension, fevers, chills, rash, headache, and mild nausea and vomiting. 

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