Antigenic stimulation

A B lymphocyte is a specific type of white blood cell (leucocyte) derived from bone marrow stem cells. Each B lymphocyte expresses an immunoglobulin (antibody) specific for a particular antigen. Following antigenic stimulation, a B lymphocyte may differentiate and multiply into plasma cells that secrete large quantities of monoclonal antibody. 

In the absence of costimulation, T cells that receive signaling through the TCR become anergic and unresponsive to new antigen stimulation. The anergic state in T cells results from activation of NFAT in the absence of AP-1. In this scenario, a specific set of genes is... 

Subsequent antigenic stimulation results in high antibody titres (secondary or memory resporrse) as there is now an expanded clone of cells with memory of the original antigen available to proliferate into mature plasma cells (Fig. 14.1). 

After antigenic stimulation, the normal antibody response involves the activation of a... 

Idiotypic network. Idiotypic determinants (idiotypes) are unique antigenic epitopes characteristic of the antigen receptors on the surface of T and B cells. They are associated with the variable regions of these receptors. Antibodies produced by B cells as the result of antigenic stimulation can themselves stimulate the production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies which have the ability to combine with the B-cell receptor (Ig) and thus can dampen down the immune response. Idiotypes may likewise stimulate the production of T cells specific for idiotypic determinants. Jerne (1974) postulated his... 

Bernstein, D.I., et al., Diisocyanate antigen-stimulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 synthesis has greater test efficiency than specific antibodies for identification of diisocyanate asthma, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 166, 445, 2002. 

Rat peritoneal mast-cell exocytosis (as monitored by membrane capacitance measurements) in response to either antigenic stimulation or to the intracellular perfusion with guanine nucleotides (for example, GTP[AS]), occurs after a measurable lag period which has been suggested to be due to the involvement of a GTP-binding regulatory protein [202]. In contrast, stimula-... 

Cheng, R. Z., M. A. Shammas, J. Li, and R. J. Shmookler Reis. 1997. Expression of SV40 large T antigen stimulates reversion of a chromosomal gene duplication in human cells. Exp Cell Res 234(2) 300-12. 

What is the best protocol to expand regs (Persistent antigenic stimulation )... 

A series of related benzoxathiols, represented by (53), potently inhibited the 5-LO from sonicated guinea-pig neutrophils (0.02-0.5 //M) [157] replacement of the propyl group by ethyl, butyl or phenyl maintained this potency. Inhibition of SRS-A release from antigen-stimulated guinea-pig lung tissue was also shown (2-6 //M), but suppression of rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation suggested a relatively nonspecific antioxidant effect. 

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