Anthraquinones cascara sagrada

Melanosis coll Melanosis coll is a darkened pigmentation of the colonic mucosa resulting from chronic use of anthraquinone derivatives (casanthrol, cascara sagrada, senna). 

Lactation Anthraquinone derivatives (eg, casanthranol, cascara sagrada, danthron) are excreted in breast milk resulting in a potential increased incidence of diarrhea in the nursing infant. Sennosides A and B (eg, senna) are not excreted in breast milk. It is not known whether docusate calcium, docusate potassium, docusate sodium, lactulose, and mineral oil are excreted in breast milk. 

Anthraquinone derivatives (e.g., cascara, aloe, senna, and rhubarb) are among the oldest laxatives known. They act on the colon rather than on the ileum and produce evacuation 8 to 10 hours after administration. This makes them particularly suitable for dosage overnight. Cascara sagrada is one of the mildest of the anthraquinone-containing laxatives. 

OTC Aromatic Cascara Fluid extract, Cascara Sagrada, Cascara Aromatic Chemical Class Anthraquinone derivative... 

Anthraquinone derivatives include cascara sagrada, sennosides, and casanthrol. Gut bacteria metabolizes these agents to their active compounds, but the exact mechanisms of action are not understood. Effects are limited to the colon, and stimulation of Auerbach s plexus may be involved. Recommendations for the use of these agents are similar to those for the diphenyhnethane derivatives. In most cases, intermittent use is acceptable daily use should be strongly discouraged. 

Cascara sagrada, an anthraquinone glycoside mixture (325 mg p.o. h.s., 1 mL fluid extract daily or 5 mL aromatic fluid extract daily), is used in acute constipation and preparation for bowel or rectal examination. 

No induction of aberrant crypt foci (considered putative preneoplastic lesions) or increase in incidence of chemically induced aberrant crypt foci were observed in rats fed diets containing up to 0.1% anthraquinone glycosides from cascara sagrada for 56 days (Mereto et al. 1996). 

FranguRns. Anthraquinone glycosides from root, bark, and seeds of the black alder (Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnaceae) and the American buckthorn (Cascara sagrada, Rhamnaceae) as well as rhubarb roots. F are... 

Anthraquinone glycosides have long been used medicinally as cathartics and laxatives. Plant-derived drugs of this type include aloes Aloe species), cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiams), frangula (Rhamnus frangula), rhubarb (Rheum officinale), rumex or yellow dock (Rumex crispus) and senna (Cassia spp.). Many of the commercial preparations (patent medicines) based on these plants are readily available. 

The main anthraquinone-containing plants are cascara sagrada Rhamnus purshiana), senna, rhubarb, aloes, dock and St John s wort. Rheum-emodin is a typical simple anthraquinone from rhubarb root Rheum palmatum). 

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