Cascara

Cascade control Cascade cycles Cascading Cascara sagrada Cascarine CA Search... 

Ca.sca.ra. Sagrada. Cascara sagrada, also known as sacred bark, chitten, dogwood, coffeeberry, bearberry, bitter bark, and bearwood, is the dried bark of Jdamnus Purshiana DeCandoUe. It is ia the form of browa, purpHsh browa, or brownish red flattened or transversely curved pieces, 1- to 5-mm thick, and has a characteristic odor and bitter taste. It should be collected at least one year prior to use. The active constituents are aloe-emodin... 

Cascara sagrada is used as a cathartic. It is most useful when prepared as a fluid extract, and tends to be a mild laxative causing Htfle discomfort. However, on prolonged use it may result in characteristic melanotic pigmentation of the rectal mucosa. The bitter taste can be lessened, owing to neutralization of the acid constituents, if the ground substance is moistened and mixed with magnesium or calcium hydroxide. This treatment may lessen the potency of the preparation. 

The large influence that the degree of comminution of the drug has on the liberation of active principles during preparation of the tea has been domonstrated in investigations with alder buckthorn bark and cascara bark ... 

Sagradarlnde, /. cascara sagrada. saJa, pret. (of sehen) saw. 

Irritant or stimulant laxatives increase peristalsis by direct action on the intestine. An example of an irritant laxative is cascara sagrada and senna (Senokot). 

Cascara sagrada or senna—Pink-red, red-violet, red-brown, yellow-brown, or black discoloration of urine may occur. 

DDS 100 Plus Capsules—docusate, casanthranol Doxidan Capsules—docusate, casanthranol, sorbitol Nature s Remedy—cascara sagrada, aloe, lactose Peri-Colace—docusate, casanthranol, sorbitol, parabens Senokot-S tablets—docusate, senna concentrate, lactose... 

Cascara sagrada Dose varies with formulation... 

The answer is c. (Hardman, p 924.) Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (docusate) is a detergent that, when given orally, softens the stool and prevents straining. Mineral oil also softens the stool, but it tends to inhibit the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and other nutrients. Castor oil, phenol-phthalein, and cascara sagrada are strong laxatives and cause watery stools... 

One might suppose on the basis of the amount of attention PTC has received that it is quite a unique substance in its ability to elicit different responses from different individuals. Actually this is not the case at all since wide interindividual differences in taste threshold and taste reactions can be observed with almost anything that can be tasted. Hundred-fold variations in taste thresholds are very common (even when small groups are studied) with respect to substances like sodium or potassium chlorides or hydrochloric acid.41 Saccharine, quinine, cascara, and mannose are among the substances, in addition to creatine mentioned above, for which individuals are known to show highly diverse taste reactions.42 Richter found some children who could not taste 20 per cent sugar solutions.43... 

C-Glycosides are typified by barbaloin, a component of the natural purgative drag cascara, but, as a group, the M-glycosides are perhaps the most important to biochemistry. Al-Glycosidic linkages are found in the nucleosides, components of DNA and RNA (see Section 14.1). In addition, nucleosides are essential parts of the structures of crucial biochemicals such as ATP, coenzyme A, NAD+, etc. The amine in these types of compound is part of a purine or pyrimidine base (see Section 14.1). 

Aromatic Cascara Fluid Extract /ar ous), Cascara Aromatic (Flumco)... 

Stimulant/Irritant Cascara 6-8 Colon Direct action on... 

Melanosis coll Melanosis coll is a darkened pigmentation of the colonic mucosa resulting from chronic use of anthraquinone derivatives (casanthrol, cascara sagrada, senna). 

Lactation Anthraquinone derivatives (eg, casanthranol, cascara sagrada, danthron) are excreted in breast milk resulting in a potential increased incidence of diarrhea in the nursing infant. Sennosides A and B (eg, senna) are not excreted in breast milk. It is not known whether docusate calcium, docusate potassium, docusate sodium, lactulose, and mineral oil are excreted in breast milk. 

For the plant, another good way to stop consumption by an animal is to affect the animal s gastrointestinal system. This approach is used by a number of plants, but the mechanism of action varies. The first approach is direct irritation of the stomach lining to induce nausea and vomiting. The induction of mild vomiting is useful in some situations. The sacred bark of the California buckthorn produces cascara that is used to induce mild vomiting (a purgative). 

Cascara Sagrada [Rhamnus purshiana) Uses Laxative Action Stimulates large intestine, T bowel motility propulsion Available forms Liq extract 1-5 mL PO OD Contra w/ PRG, lactation IBD Notes/SE N/V, abd cramps, urine discoloration, osteomalacia Interactions t Effects OF antiarrhyth-mics, cardiac glycosides T loss W/ diuretics, corticosteroids, cardiac glycosides effects W/ antacids, milk EMS Short-term use monitor ECG for hypokalemia (flattened T waves) d/t D caution w/ diuretics... 

The two most important diphenylmethanes are phenolphthalein and bisacodyl. Senna and cascara are the sources of anthraquinone laxatives. However, although still available in some countries phenolphthalein is now removed from most markets because of concerns over carcinogenicity. As recent as 2006 the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has categorized castor oil as generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) for over-the-counter use as a laxative. On the other hand, in 2002 cascara was banned by the FDA. 

Anthraquinone derivatives (e.g., cascara, aloe, senna, and rhubarb) are among the oldest laxatives known. They act on the colon rather than on the ileum and produce evacuation 8 to 10 hours after administration. This makes them particularly suitable for dosage overnight. Cascara sagrada is one of the mildest of the anthraquinone-containing laxatives. 

OTC Aromatic Cascara Fluid extract, Cascara Sagrada, Cascara Aromatic Chemical Class Anthraquinone derivative... 

Do not use cascara sagrada if abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting lasting longer than 1 wk occurs... 

OTC with senna concentrate (Senokot-S) with phenolphthalein (Doxidan) with casanthranol (Peri-Colace) with cascara sagrada (Nature s Remedy)... 

Long-term use of stimulant laxatives bisacodyl (Dulcolax), cascara sagrada, and Neoloid except in the presence of opiate analgesic use May exacerbate bowel dysfunction. High... 

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