Rhubarb root

Pournaghi-Aznar MH, Shemirani F, Pourtork S (1995) Electrochemical behavior of some naturally occurring hydroxy derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone in chloroform at mercury and glassy carbon electrodes application of AC polarography to the analysis of Rhubarb roots. Talanta 42 677-684. 

Naphthaquinones are rare. Among the naphthaquinones juglone (1.64) is relatively common. It is found in walnuts. Anthraquinone is the most widely distributed of the quinones in higher plants and fungi. There are numerous compounds. The anthtraquinone emodin (1.65) occurs as a rhamnoside in rhubarb roots. 

Rhubarb roots spread vigorously and need to be divided every 5 years or so. As plants become crowded, they produce thinner and thinner stalks. 

Amaranthus, Barrenwort, Beets, Birdsfoot, Coffee, Elm-tree, Fleawort, Goutwort, Groundmoss, Hawkweed, Heartsease, Knapweed, Knotgrass, Navelwort, Oakmoss, Pansy, Parsnip, Quince, Rhubarb roots. Rupturewort, Rye, Sassafras, Sciatica-wort. Shepherd s Purse, Sloes, Spinach, Tamarind. 

RHUBARB ROOT, Rhei radix Medicinal Rhubarb consists of the peeled and dried root of Rheum species, chiefly Rheum officinale Baill. and R. palmatum L., family Polygonaceae, but not of Rheum rhaponticum... 

An additional source for Essiac herbs is the Herbal Healer Academy, HC32 Box 97-B, Mt. View, AR 72560, Tel 501-269-4177. The herbs, in this instance, were said to be burdock root (Arctium), sheep sorrel (Rumex), slippery elm (Ulmus), and turkey rhubarb root (Rheum). All are listed in Hartwell (1982a, b). (According to this herbal source, Clark s The Cure for All Cancers (1983) seemed to be a bestseller, although there was dissent about its effectiveness.)... 

Syrup of Khubarb and Senna. Digest for 14 days 6 ounces each bruised rhubarb root and senna leaves, and 14 ounces cardamom seed.s, iu G pints dilute alcohol filter, and evaporate to 3 pints. Mix 12 ounce.s of this with syrup ma[Pg.286]

Osborne s Syrup, This is ono of the most valuable preparations that can be made for children. Simmer 11 drachms each, rhubarb root, anise seed, and liquorice root, in 45 ounces boiliu r water over a slow fire till reduced to two-thirds. Then make a syrup with 4f troy pounds white sugar, add 2 drachms each manna and compound tincture of opium (paregoric), and 225 grains salt of tartar. In warm weather, add a wineglass of French brandy. 

Hufeland s Aperient Elixir. Reduce to coarse powder 4 parts each of aloes, myrrh, and mm-guaiacum add 4 parts bruised rhubarb-root, 2 parts bruised saffron, 8 parts carbonate of potassa, 8 parts muriate or ammonia, 48 parts spirit of horse-radish root and 144 parts distilled water. Macerate the ingredients for a few days, frequently stirring, then filter. (JETa cr.)... 

Spackman s Worm Syrup. Take It ounce pink root 2 drachms rhubarb root 1 drachm worm-seed i drachm sa-vine leaves 2 drachms Colombo root, Md 1 drachm cardamom seeds. Infuse these ingredients in I pint boiling water in a covered vessel when cool, add pint molaasen and a table-spoonful brandy. Dose for a child 1 year old, 2 tea-spoonfuls 3 times a day. 

FranguRns. Anthraquinone glycosides from root, bark, and seeds of the black alder (Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnaceae) and the American buckthorn (Cascara sagrada, Rhamnaceae) as well as rhubarb roots. F are... 

C16H12O5, Mr 284.27, orange needles, mp. 209-210 °C, uv ,a, 431 nm (C2H5OH). An octaketide that occurs in senna leaves (Cassia senna, Fabaceae), rhubarb roots, in chrysarobinum (see chrysarobin), lichens (Parmelia species), and fungi (Aspergillus and Penicillium species), as well as in glycosidically bound form in Cassia species. It has a weak spasmolytic activity. 

S. A-G occur in the leaves and fruits of Cassia species (C. senna, C. angustifolia, Fabaceae) and in rhubarb roots, sometimes as oxalyl derivatives (senno-sides E, F). S. are mostly formed from the corresponding anthrone glycosides when the senna leaves are dried. Drugs containing S. are used in therapy for acute constipation (see table, p. 581). 

Goa powder (Araroba powder, Bahia powder, Brazil powder, etc.), also called chrysarobin, was examined by D. S. Kemp, J. F. de Silva Lima, and Attfield. Attfield thought it was the same as the colouring matter of the rhubarb root (chrysophanic acid). Liebermann and P. Seidler showed that chrysarobin is methyldihydroxyanthranol. Chrysophanic acid, the yellow colouring matter of rhubarb, wall lichen, and other plants, was examined by... 

The main anthraquinone-containing plants are cascara sagrada Rhamnus purshiana), senna, rhubarb, aloes, dock and St John s wort. Rheum-emodin is a typical simple anthraquinone from rhubarb root Rheum palmatum). 

In addition to emodins, rhubarb root also contains dimeric reduced forms of emodins derived from 10,10 -bianthronyl (9-167), which are called bianthrones (dianthraquinones). They can occur as homobianthrones, such as emodin bianthrone and parietin bianthrone, or as heterobianthrones (mixed dimers), such as pahnidin A (9-168), which is bianthrone of emodin and aloe-emodin. 

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