Aberrant crypt foci ACF

Continuous feeding of rats with 1% fenugreek seed powder (FSP) and 0.05% and 0.10% diosgenin suppressed total colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) by up to 32, 24 and 42%, respectively, in azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis in rats. During the promotional stages, FSP inhibited total ACF. 

A series of studies show that sphingolipids derived from milk protect against development of colon tumors in mice. In the initial study (Dillehay et al., 1994), mice fed diets supplemented with 0.025, 0.050 or 0.1% sphingomyelin had less than half the incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon tumors than mice fed non-supplemented diets. In addition, a diet supplemented with 0.025% of the ganglioside GMj produced significantly fewer DMH-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) than control animals. ACF are microscopically determined pre-neoplastic lesions that can develop into colon tumors. 

Our results indicate that dietary apigenin at 0.1% inhibited colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induction by azoxymethane (AOM) and suggest that colon cancer... 

In several cancers, premalignant lesions appear long before the clinical onset of the disease. Examples of these are the aberrant crypts foci (ACF) and the adenomatous polyps that appear in the colon and which are considered to be precursors of colorec-... 

In another study, Santana-Rios et al. ° found 5.65 0.81 and 1.31 0.27 aberrant crypt foci (ACF) per colon in groups of rats given 2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimid-azo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and PhIP+white tea, respectively, during 8 weeks of study. White tea also inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed early lesions in the colon. ... 

Recently garcinol (46), also called camboginol, has attracted considerable interest because of its associated beneficial health properties, including antiulcer activity [59], anti-glycation activity [60], cancer chemopreventive activity against colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in an animal model [63], induction of apoptosis through cytochrome c release and activation of caspases in human leukemia cells [61]. It also showed strong antioxidant activity [59,60]. 

Cancer chemopreventive activity of garcinol have been also demonstrated in animal model dietary administration of garcinol significantly inhibited azoxymethane(AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in male F344 rats without causing any adverse effects [63], ACF are precursor lesions for colon carcinoma. 

Male F344 rats using a aberrant crypt foci (ACF) bioassay w/ azoxvmethane (AOM) Significantly inhibited AOM induced ACF formation [123]... 

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are thought to be the intermediate between normal colonic mucosa and the adenomatous polyp. Because they are considered to be the earliest precursor lesion in the... 

P., McCluggage, W.G., Stevenson, M., Phillips, D.H., Hewer, A., Osborne, M.R. Campbell, F.C. (2005) Metallothionein crypt-restricted immunopositivity indices (MTCRII) correlate with aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in mouse colon. Br. J. Cancer92, 2160-2165. 

The results are given in Table 5. The number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF)/animal and ACVanimal in the DMH treated group were 16.60 and 19.00, respectively. With BT as the inhibitor, the number of ACF/animal and AC/animal were reduced to 10.40 and 12.60, respectively. In contrast to the inhibitory nature of BT, HF treatment increased the two values to 25.75 and 31.20, respectively. Both the reduction by BT and the enhancement by HF were found to ht significantly different from the control. These results suggested that BT may be an effective anticarcinogen in the colon and that HF is likely not active or may even be cocarcinogenic in the same system. 

Figure 5.16 Effect of treatments with carrot or falcarinol on the average numbers per animal of four types of (pre)cancerous lesions in rat colons, each size class representing increasingly advanced steps on the progression towards cancer. The size of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was measured as the number of crypts found on a corresponding area of normal colon tissue. The smallest tumours correspond to an ACF size of 20. The trend for reduced relative numbers with increasing size of lesion was significant at P = 0.028.

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