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Antarctica soils

Campbell, I. B. and Claridge, G. G. C. (1987). "Antarctica Soils, Weathering Processes and Environment." Developments m Soil Science, Vol 16. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [Pg.191]

Beyer, L., Sorge, C., Blume, H.-R, and Schulten, H.-R. (1995). Soil organic matter composition and transformation in gelic histosols of coastal continental Antarctica. Soil Biol Biochem. 27,1279-1288. [Pg.579]

Bockheim, J. G. (1979). Relative age and origin of soils in eastern Wright Valley, Antarctica. Soil Set. 128,142-152. [Pg.149]

Everett KR (1991) Soils of the Meserve Glacier area, Wright Valley, south Victoria Land, Antarctica. Soil Sci 112(6) 425 38... [Pg.752]

Fig. 1. Taylor Valley, Antarctica glaciers in white, soil in light grey, streams and lakes in dark gray. Snow pit sampling locations are identified with black circles. Fig. 1. Taylor Valley, Antarctica glaciers in white, soil in light grey, streams and lakes in dark gray. Snow pit sampling locations are identified with black circles.
Clearly, 254 K is much colder than the typical temperatures around 288 K (15°C) found at the earth s surface. This difference between the calculated effective temperature and the true surface temperature is dramatically illustrated in Fig. 14.4, which shows the spectra of infrared radiation from earth measured from the Nimbus 4 satellite in three different locations, North Africa, Greenland, and Antarctica (Hanel et al., 1972). Also shown by the dotted lines are the calculated emissions from blackbodies at various temperatures. Over North Africa (Fig. 14.3a), in the window between 850 and 950 cm-1, where C02, O-, HzO, and other gases are not absorbing significantly, the temperature corresponds to blackbody emission at 320 K due to the infrared emissions from hot soil and vegetation. [Pg.765]

About the same time that meteorites were found in Antarctica, an important collection of meteorites was being put together in Roosevelt County, New Mexico. Over a period from 1966 to 1972, several meteorite hunters collected 140 meteorite specimens representing about 100 separate fall events. This collection demonstrated another way for nature to concentrate meteorites. The meteorites in Roosevelt County were found in blowout areas where up to a meter of soil had been blown away by wind, leaving meteorites in plain view on the hardpan surface. Based on this experience, systematic and successful searches of desert areas in Western Australia have been carried out. Subsequently, the deserts of North Africa have turned out to be especially prolific sources of meteorites. The shifting desert sands expose meteorites that have accumulated over thousands of years. The meteorites are collected by nomads and sold to western collectors. Although most desert meteorites are weathered to some degree, new and rare meteorite classes have been discovered. [Pg.19]

The Apollo astronauts returned 382 kg of lunar sample to Earth, and this collection was supplemented by 326 g of soil samples collected by the Soviet Luna landers. The first lunar meteorite was found in 1982 in Antarctica. Since that time, over 120 lunar meteorites representing about 60 different fall events have been collected. The total mass of these meteorites is -48 kg. About one-third of these meteorites were recovered in Antarctica by American and Japanese teams, and most of the rest were recovered in the deserts of North Africa and Oman. The lunar meteorites have significantly expanded the areas of the Moon from which we have samples. [Pg.182]

Crockett AB. 1998. Background levels of metals in soils, McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Environ Monit Assess 50 289-296. [Pg.303]

Gooding JL (1992) Soil mineralogy and chemistry on Mars Possible clues from salts and clays in SNC meteorites. Icarus 99 28-41 Gow AJ (1971) Relaxation of ice in deep drill cores from Antarctica. J Geo-phys Res 76 2533-2541... [Pg.230]

Periglacial paleosols appear during Late Miocene time (8 Ma) in Antarctica (Sugden et al, 1995 Retallack et al, 2001), where soil development is so slow that some surface soils may be of comparable antiquity (Campbell and Claridge, 1987). Antarctic soil formation is not only promoted by ground ice deformation, but includes the effects of salt accumulation and eolian mass addition in an extremely dry continental frigid climate (Figure 12). [Pg.2848]

About 20% of Earth s surface is covered by permafrost. Permafrost occurs at high latitudes, or at very high altitudes, anywhere the mean annual soil temperature is below freezing. About half of Canada and Russia, much of northern China, most of Greenland and Alaska, and probably all of Antarctica are underlain by permafrost. Areas underlain by permafrost are classified as... [Pg.808]

Komura measured. ° Bi in water filters used at the Scott Base in Antarctica and in the surface soils in Japan. " Bi is though to be a fallout from atomic bomb tests. The levels of Bi in these samples were found to be nearly the same or a little higher than those of fallout °Co and the Bi Cs activity ratios were in the range of 0.001-0.018. Contamination of bismuth by ° Bi was found in high-purity bismuth on sale and its level was measured to be 1.9mBqg Bi. [Pg.751]

R. Fuoco, M. P. Colombini, C. Abete, S. Carignani, Polychlorobiphenyls in sediment, soil and sea water samples from Antarctica, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 61 (1995), 309-318. [Pg.31]

A better understanding of the different trends in the accumulation of metals observed in Usnea antarctica and Usnea aurantiacoatra demand more studies, such as the estimation of the age of lichens, their growing rate and the composition of the soil and rocky substrates in eontact with them. [Pg.171]

Lichens Usnea aurantiacoatra and Usnea antarctica) could be useful as monitors to evaluate the Antarctic ecosystem and to identify patterns of the deposition of atmospherically transported heavy metals. Thus, it would be possible to study variations in the spatial distribution of these elements not only at the local, but also at the regional scale. Knowing the effect of the different local and regional growth rates and evaluating metal contents of the soil, it would be possible to perform metal biomonitoring in different zones of Antarctica and of the southern hemisphere. [Pg.177]

Table 9.9. Normalised individual and total mean PCB concentration of marine sediment, lake sediment and soil samples collected at Ross Sea and Victoria Land, during the 1990-1991 Italian expedition in Antarctica (the coefficient of variation is reported in brackets)... Table 9.9. Normalised individual and total mean PCB concentration of marine sediment, lake sediment and soil samples collected at Ross Sea and Victoria Land, during the 1990-1991 Italian expedition in Antarctica (the coefficient of variation is reported in brackets)...
Several of the research projects carried out in Antarctica under the Italian Programme deal with environmental monitoring for basic research purposes. The applied environmental monitoring implemented at TNB over the last 12 years has borrowed ideas and methodologies from these scientific projects. Scientific monitoring has been concerned with sea water, fresh water, soils, particulates, sediments, air, etc, as well as different biota. Applied environmental monitoring has concentrated on only some of these. [Pg.343]

Glazovskaya, M.A. (1958) Weathering and primary soil formations in Antarctica. Scientific Paper of the Institute, Moscow University, Faculty of Geography 1, 63-76. [Pg.290]

Indirect effects of aerosols on climate arise from the fact that the particles act as nuclei on which cloud droplets form. In regions distant from land, the number density of SOj particles is an important determinant of the extent and type of clouds. By contrast, over land there are generally plenty of particles for cloud formation from wind-blown soil dust and other sources. Since clouds reflect solar radiation back to space, the potential link to climate is clear. The effect is likely to be most sensitive over the oceans far from land and for snow-covered regions like Antarctica, where land sources of particles have least effect. In such areas a major source of aerosols is the DMS route to SO - particles (Fig. 7.23). Thus, marine phytoplankton are not only the major source of atmospheric acidity but also the main source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and so play an important role in determining cloudiness and hence climate. [Pg.272]

MURST-ISS-A1 Antarctic sediment - trace elements Soil - uncontaminated Certified values for 10 metals collected during the IX Italian Expedition (1993-1994) in Antarctica... [Pg.21]


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