Solar radiation reflectance

Fig. 17-1 The global climate system, (a) Energy fluxes, including incoming solar radiation, reflected radiation, emitted longwave radiation (from an effective altitude of ca. 6 km), and atmospheric and oceanic heat flux toward the polar regions, (b) The atmospheric circulation corresponding to part (a). Refer back to Fig. 7-4 and associated text for a discussion of the general circulation.

Krasnopol skiy, V.A. (1966) The ultraviolet spectrum of solar radiation reflected by the terrestrial atmosphere and its use in determining the total content and vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone. Russian Geomagnetism andAeronomy 6 236-242. 

ADEOS An improved, satellite Earth-observing system equipped with modernized radiometer of the visible and near-IR intervals (AYNIR), ocean color and temperature scanner (OCTS), and radiometer POLDER to carry out global systematic measurements of polarization and spectral characteristics of solar radiation reflected by the Earth-atmosphere system. The satellite ADEOS-2/ Midori-2 was launched on December 14, 2002 by the Japan Space Agency and is an ideal means of global monitoring. 

The ratio of solar radiation reflected from and absorbed by the earth s surface could change ... 

Ground Reflection - Solar radiation reflected from the ground onto a solar collector. 

Two layers were used in this example (more layers can be used as discussed in the invention). The bottom reflecting layer s properties determine performance of the laminate in terms of back surface temperature and solar radiation reflectance. Also, the ratio of thickness of both layers affects properties. 

Albedo Fraction of solar radiation reflected earth-atmosphere system albedo is approximately 30%. 

Phosphorescence induced no longer by the direct rays of the sun, but by solar radiation reflected in a metallic mirror of a hehostat, then refracted by a prism and a quartz lens, gave rise to the same phenomena. 

The interface between the geosphere and the atmosphere at Earth s surface is very important to the environment. Human activities on the earth s surface may affect climate, most directly through the change of surface albedo, defined as the percentage of incident solar radiation reflected by a land or water surface. For example, if the sun radiates 100 units of energy per minute to the outer limits of the atmosphere, and the earth s surface receives 60 units per minute of the total, then reflects 30 units upward, the albedo is 50 percent. Some typical albedo values for different areas on the earth s surface are evergreen forests, 7-15% dry, plowed... 

Eventually, the goal is to find Ip, and from that cloud or surface properties or the planetary albedo, provided we know the instrument response, the intensity of the solar radiation reflected from the diffuser, /d, and, of course, the measured values Sp and Sd- The task of finding the planetary albedo from such measurements is discussed in Section 8.6. The disadvantages of calibration with a diffusor plate are... 

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