Anesthesia sodium pentobarbital

At least 1 week after their arrival, the rats are given atropine sulfate (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg i.p.) or isoflurane gas (5%). When necessary, supplemental doses of sodium pentobarbital are given or isoflurane gas is adjusted to maintain anesthesia. The rats are hydrated with 0.9% saline (3.0 cc, s.c.) and given penicillin (0.05 cc 1500 units, i.m.). 

Preparation of Microsomal and Cytosolic Fractions. At the end of the 5 week period on experimental diets, all animals were killed via sodium pentobarbital anesthesia (120mg/kg body weight). The tissues were perfused in situ with ice-cold normal saline via the right ventricle of the heart, excised, trimmed free of connective tissue, minced, and washed thoroughly with ice-cold deionized water. The subcellular fractions of liver, lungs, kidneys, etc., were prepared as previously described (26). 

Among the drugs which are known to interact with barium, the barbiturates sodium pentobarbital and phenobarbital were found to have an increased depressive effect on the hearts of rats exposed to barium (Kopp et al. 1985 Perry et al. 1983, 1989). This hypersensitivity of the cardiovascular system to anesthesia was not observed in similarly treated animals that were anesthetized with xylazine plus ketamine. Results of the study indicated that the hypersensitivity was specific to the barbiturates and not a generalized effect of anesthesia (Kopp et al. 1985). 

C.J. Gomer, N. Hayashi, A.L. Murphree (1987). The influence of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia on in vivo photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol., 46(5), 843-846. 

Anesthesia Administer sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneaUy to mouse or rat at 60 mg/kg. Verify animal death by absence of cardiac pulse and presence of fixed/dilated pupils. Pinch animal in foot to verify absence of response. 

Bile secretion is studied in anesthetized bile fistula rats, which are anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg), tracheotomized, and one jugular vein per rat is cannulated for intravenous administration (bolus injection or infusion of the drug candidate). Anesthesia is maintained for up to 7 hours by subcutaneous infusion of pentobarbital sodium (adjusted to the aesthetic depth of the individual animal about 24 mg/kg/h). Body temperature is monitored with a rectal probe thermometer, and temperature is maintained at 37 °C by means of a heated surgical plate. 

CRITICAL ASSESSEMENT OF THE METHOD In general pharmacological studies during anesthesia should be assessed appropriately due to the possible interaction between the test compound and the used anesthetic as well as due to the reduced tone of the autonomic nervous system. Enteral administration of the candidate compound should be avoided, because enteral absorption of the test compound might be reduced due to the impaired intestinal motility during anesthesia. With respect to the effect of the aesthetic compound itself on intermediary metabolism the barbiturate pentobarbital sodium is the most inert anesthetic and does not cause alterations of metabolic blood and tissue parameters. In contrast, e.g. urethane as well as isoflurane (inhalation aesthetic) influences by itself substantially metabolic parameters over time (hours). 

For ex vivo assays, mice, rats, or guinea pigs from either sex receive the test compound or the vehicle (for controls) by oral, intraperitoneal or intravenous administration. At the end of the absorption time, blood is collected by caval venipuncture under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia and xylazine (8 rng/kg i.m.) premedication. 

Sixty-five minutes before stenosis, the animals are sedated by intramuscular injection of 8 mg/kg xylazine (Rompun) and anesthetized by intravenous injection of 30—40 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium 5 min later. During the course of the test, anesthesia is maintained by continuous infusion of pentobarbital sodium (30 10 mg/kg/h) into one femoral vein. 

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