General Pharmacology

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Oxolamine [959-14-8] (57) is sold in Europe. It is an oxadiazole, and its general pharmacological profile is described (81). The compound possesses analgesic, antiinflammatory, local anesthetic, and antispasmodic properties, in addition to its antitussive activity. Although a central mechanism may account for some of the activity, peripheral inhibition of the cough reflex may be the dominant effect. The compound has been shown to be clinically effective, although it is less active than codeine (82,83). The synthesis of oxolamine is described (84). 

Clark, A. J. (1937). General pharmacology Heffter s handbuch d. exp. pharmacology. Erg band 4, Springer, Berlin. 

Statistics in general is a discipline dealing with ideas on description of data, implications of data (relation to general pharmacological models), and questions such as what effects are real and what effects are different Biological systems are variable. Moreover, often they are living. What this means is that they are collections of biochemical reactions going on in synchrony. Such systems will have an intrinsic variation in their output due to the variances in the... 

High doses of LSD may cause chromosome damage in experimental animals (Dishotsky et al. 1971). Chromosomal aberrations in humans have been related to drug abuse in general. Pharmacologically pure LSD, however, has not been demonstrated to cause a detectable increase in chromosome damage (Li and Lin 1998). 

Peakall, D.B., Lincer, J.L., and Risebrough, R.W. et al. (1973). DDE-induced eggshell thinning structural and physiological effects in three species. Comparative and General Pharmacology 4, 305-313. 

In the preceding sections we have outlined and evaluated the methods by which NT function may be studied and considered the general pharmacology of the major NTs. This should enable us to consider the possible role of NTs in disease states and drug action. 

Fujimori, K. (1999). The role of general pharmacological studies and pharmacokinetics in the evolution of drugs (1) The role of general/safety pharmacology studies in the development of pharmaceuticals International harmonization guidelines. Folia Pharmacologica Japo-... 

Mattson, J.L., Spencer, RJ. and Albee, R.R. (1996). A performance standard for clinical and functional observational battery examination of rats. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 15 239. Megens, A. A.H.P., Awouters, EH.L. and Niemegeers, C.J.E. (1991). General pharmacology of the four gastrointestinal motility stimulants bethanechol, metoclopramide, trimehutine, and cisapride. Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res. 41(f)(6) 631-634. 

Takasuna, K., Kasai, Y., Usui, C., Takahashi, M., Hirohashi, M., Tamura, K. and Takayama, S. (1992). General pharmacology of the new quinolone anti-bacterial agent levofloxacin. Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res. 42(I)(3a) 408-418. 

Guidelines for General Pharmacology Studies — Japanese Guidelines for Non-clinical Studies of Drugs manual 1995... 

Igarashi, T., Nakane, S., and Kitagawa, T., Predictability of clinical adverse reactions of drugs by general pharmacology studies, /. Toxicol. Sci., 20, 77-92, 1995. 

Lumley, C.E., General pharmacology, the international regulatory environment, and harmonization guidelines, Drug Dev. Res., 32, 223-232, 1994. 

Anon., Guidelines for general pharmacology studies-Japanese guidelines for non-clinical studies of drugs manual 1995 (pp. 71-80), Eds., Nippo Yakuji, Ltd. 

The general pharmacological actions of adrenomimet-ics are described in detail in Chapter 10. The principal pharmacological effects that may be observed in humans treated for bronchospasm are bronchodilation, tachycardia, anxiety, and tremor. Stimulating Pz-adreno-ceptors produces all of these effects either directly or indirectly. 

T. Murata, S. Sakaya, T. Hoshino, T. Umetsu, T. Hirano, S. Nishio, General pharmacology of beraprost sodium. 1st Communication Effect on the central nervous system, Arzneim. Forsch. 39(11) (1989) 860. 

Hardman, H.F., Domino, E.F., and Seevers, M.H. General pharmacological actions of some synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives. Pharmacol. Rev. 23 295-315, 1971. 

Topical corticosteroids are used in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses. The general pharmacology are discussed in chapter Glucocorticoids. ... 

The general pharmacology of the barbiturates is discussed in Chapter 22. Thiopental is a barbiturate commonly used for induction of anesthesia. Thiamylal is structurally almost identical to thiopental and has the same pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. 

The general pharmacology of corticosteroids, including mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and other applications, is discussed in Chapter... 

The remarkable efficacy of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses was noted soon after the introduction of hydrocortisone in 1952. Numerous analogs are now available that offer extensive choices of potencies, concentrations, and vehicles. The therapeutic effectiveness of topical corticosteroids is based primarily on their antiinflammatory activity. Definitive explanations of the effects of corticosteroids on endogenous mediators of inflammation await further experimental clarification. The antimitotic effects of corticosteroids on human epidermis may account for an additional mechanism of action in psoriasis and other dermatologic diseases associated with increased cell turnover. The general pharmacology of these endocrine agents is discussed in Chapter 39. 

Krijnen CJ, Boyd EM. 1971. The influence of diets containing from 0 to 81 percent of protein on tolerated doses of pesticides. Comparative and General Pharmacology 2(8) 373-376. 

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