Right ventricle

The increased concentrations of K, Ca, Fe, Br, Se and Rb in infarction and scar areas are observed for patient with the recent infarction. For the patients with old infarction the levels of these elements are decreased in the same areas. This reflects the intensity of metabolic processes in the pathological area of myocardium. Additionally, the elevated levels of Se was find out in myocardium of right ventricle in both patients, that may be caused by the increasing the activity of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme. 

The semilunar valves separate the ventricles from their associated arteries. The pulmonary valve is found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and the aortic valve is found between the left ventricle and the aorta. These valves prevent backward flow of blood from the pulmonary artery or the aorta into their preceding ventricles when the ventricles relax. The semilunar valves also have three cusps. There are no valves between the venae cavae or the pulmonary veins and the atria into which they deliver blood. The closure of the valves causes the "lub-dub" associated with the heart beat. Tire first heart sound, or the "lub," occurs when the ventricles contract and the AV valves close. The second heart sound, or the "dub," occurs when the ventricles relax and the semilunar valves close. 

Right atrium Right ventricle Right coronary artery Inferior vena cava Marginal branch... 

Pulmonary Artery The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs. [NIH]... 

Right ventricle (RV) The RV pressure waveform should oscillate between 0-5 mmHg and 20-25 mmHg. 

The resistance to flow in the pulmonary vasculature against which the right ventricle must contract (dyne.s.cm 5) ... 

Li, G.R., Feng, J., Yue, L., and Carrier, M., Transmural heterogeneity of action potentials and Itol in myocytes isolated from the human right ventricle, Am.. Physiol., 275, H369-H377, 1998. 

In the near future it will be possible to monitor the status of heart failure using sensors incorporated in the newest generations of defibrillators. Major manufacturers of these devices have put in them the ability to monitor such parameters as heart rate variability, pressure in the right ventricle and force of contraction of the heart as well as many other parameters that are of as yet uncertain significance. As experience with using these data increases the ability to ascertain their utility in the management of patients will increase. 

Vatta M, Stetson SJ, Jimenez S, et al. Molecular normalization of dystrophin in the failing left and right ventricle of patients treated with either pulsatile or continuous flow-type ventricular assist devices. J Am Coll Cardiol. Mar3 2004 43(5) 811-817. 

Porcine hearts are obtained from a slaughterhouse. It is absolutely necessary to get the hearts within 5-10 min after killing the animals. The hearts have to be smooth (consistence comparable to liver) firmly contracted muscle should be discarded. Wash the hearts with running cold tap water and remove right ventricles, autrides, atria, fat, large vessels, tendons, and valves. Chop the left ventrides into pieces of about 1.5 cm and freeze immediately in liquid nitrogen. Store the tissue at -70 °C. 

Fig. 4. Preparation of the fixed heart for visceral examination. Cut 1 Ventral view Open the right ventricle along the septum in baso-apical direction going trough the aorta and the truncus pulmonalis (cross pulmonary valve) dorsal view open right ventricle near the septum from the heart apex towards the right atrium (through tricuspidal valve). Cut2 Ventral view Open the left ventricle along the septum from the heart apex into the left atrium (through bicuspidal valve) dorsal view cut the wall of left ventricle from the heart apex towards the left atrium.

The pulmonary trunk arising from the right ventricle is inspected. 

Heart failure is a syndrome with multiple causes that may involve the right ventricle, the left ventricle, or both. Cardiac output in heart failure is usually below the normal range. Systolic dysfunction, with reduced cardiac output and significantly reduced ejection fraction (less than 45%), is typical of acute failure, especially that resulting from myocardial infarction. Diastolic dysfunction often occurs as a result of hypertrophy and stiffening of the myocardium, and although cardiac output is reduced, ejection fraction may be normal. Heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction does not usually respond optimally to positive inotropic drugs. 

Bonhoeffer P Boudjemline Y Saliba Z et al. Percutaneous replacement of pulmonary valve in a right-ventricle to pulmonary-artery prosthetic conduit with valve dysfunction. Lancet 2000 356 1403-1405. 

Preparation of Microsomal and Cytosolic Fractions. At the end of the 5 week period on experimental diets, all animals were killed via sodium pentobarbital anesthesia (120mg/kg body weight). The tissues were perfused in situ with ice-cold normal saline via the right ventricle of the heart, excised, trimmed free of connective tissue, minced, and washed thoroughly with ice-cold deionized water. The subcellular fractions of liver, lungs, kidneys, etc., were prepared as previously described (26). 

Ganguly, P.K., Dhalla, K.S., Shao, Q., Beamish, R.E., and Dhalla, N.S. 1997. Differential changes in sympathetic activity in left and right ventricles in congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J. 133 340-345. 

Sethi, R., Saini, H.K., Wang, X., Elimban, V., Babick, A., and Dhalla, N.S. 2006. Differential changes in p-adrenoceptor signal transduction in left and right ventricles of infarcted rats. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 84 747-754. 

Marino, T.A., Kent, R.L., Uboh, C.E., Fernandez, E., Thompson, E.W., and Cooper, G., IV. 1985. Structural analysis of pressure versus volume overload hypertrophy of cat right ventricle. Am. J. Physiol. 249 H371-H379. 

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