Anergy

Mechanism of peripheral immune tolerance characterized by a state of functional unresponsiveness induced in T cells by suboptimal or partial stimulation. Engagement of the antigen receptor in the absence of costimulation signaling induces anergy in T cells, which become unable to respond to new stimulations. 

T Cell Anergy T Cell Antigen Receptor T Cell Receptors T-cells... 

Anergy A reduction or lack of an immune response to a specific antigen. 

Harnett, M.M., Deehan, M.R., Williams, D.M. and Harnett, W. (1998a) Induction of signalling anergy via the TCR in Jurkat T cells by pre-exposure to a filarial nematode secreted product. Parasite Immunology 20, 551-564. 

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity is commonly assessed using antigens to which the patient has been previously sensitized. The recall antigens used most frequently are mumps, Candida albicans, streptokinase-streptodornase, Trichophyton, coccidioidin, and purified protein derivative. Anergy is associated with malnutrition. 

The delayed type hypersensitivity response (DTH) is an assay frequently used to assess the T cell response to commonly encountered microbial antigens. It involves intradermal injection of antigens to which the majority of individuals are immune (known as recall antigens) such as vaccinia, herpes simplex, and mumps viruses, Candida, and tetanus toxoid. In normal individuals, after 24-48 hours, an inflammatory filtrate results in local edema and induration, the diameter of which can be measured. A negative reaction to all the antigens (anergy) is usually reflected by decreased lymphocyte function as measured in vitro and is frequently seen in AIDS and ARC patients. 

Jordan MS, Riley MR von Boehmer H, Caton AJ Anergy and suppression regulate CD4 4- T cell responses to a self peptide. Eur J Immunol 2000 30 136-144. 

Gavin MA, Clarke SR, Negrou E, Gallegos A, Rudensky A Homeostasis and anergy of CD4+CD25+ suppressor... 

Hoves S, Krause SW, Schutz C, Halbritter D, Scholmerich J, Herfarth H, Fleck M Monocyte-derived human macrophages mediate anergy in allogeneic T cells and induce regulatory t cells. J Immunol 2006 177 2691-2698. 

King CL, Mahanty S, Kumaraswami V, et al Cytokine control of parasite-specific anergy in human lymphatic filari-asis. Preferential induction of a regulatory T-helper type 2 lymphocyte subset. J Clin Invest 1993 92 1667-1673. 

Nossal GJ, Pike BE Clonal anergy persistence in tolerant mice of antigenbinding B lymphocytes incapable of responding to antigen or mitogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980 77 1602-1606. 

Akdis CA, Blaser K IL-lO-induced anergy in peripheral T cell and reactivation by microenvironmental cytokines two key steps in specific immunotherapy. FASEB J 1999 13 603-609. 

Muller U, Akdis CA, Fricker M, Akdis M, Blesken T, Bettens F, Blaser K Successful immunotherapy with T-cell epitope peptides of bee venom phosphohpase A2 induces specific T-cell anergy in patients allergic to bee venom. J Allergy Chn Immunol 1998 101 747-754. 

Rolland JM. O Hehir RE Immunotherapy of allergy anergy, deletion, and immune deviation. Curr Opin Immunol 1998 10 640-645. 

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