Anaphylactic shock, treatment

The reaction may be either local or systemic. Symptoms vary from mild irritation to sudden death from anaphylactic shock. Treatment usually involves intramuscular injection of adrenaline (epinephrine), antihistamines and corticosteroids. 

All or only some of these symptoms may be present. Anaphylactic shock can be fatal if the symptoms are not identified and treated immediately. Treatment is to raise the blood pressure improve breathing, restore cardiac function, and treat other symptoms as they occur. 

Zaloga GP, Delacey W Holmboe E, Chernow B Glucagon reversal of hypotension in a case of anaphylactoid shock. Ann Intern Med 1986 105 65-66. Kill C, Wranze E, Wulf H Successful treatment of severe anaphylactic shock with vasopressin. Two case reports. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2004 134 260-261. 

K Constant infusion of epinephrine, but not bolus treatment, improves haemodynamic recovery in anaphylactic shock in dogs. Chn Exp AUergy 2004 SS 34 1776-1783. 

Ong, S.G. 1972. Treatment of phosgene poisoning with antiserum anaphylactic shock by phosgene. Arch. Toxicol. 29 267-278. (Cited in EPA 1986)... 

Vasoconstriction. Local application of a-sympathomimetics can be employed in infiltration anesthesia (p. 204) or for nasal decongestion (naphazoline, tetra-hydrozoline, xylometazoline pp. 90, 324). Systemically administered epinephrine is important in the treatment of anaphylactic shock for combating hypotension. 

Anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) has been prepared as an highly purified solution of y-globulins with antilymphocyte activity by immunizing horses with human lymphocytes. It activates complement-mediated destruction of lymphocytes and thus decreases cellular immunity with only a limited effect on humoral immunity. Anti-lymphocyte globulin suppresses delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. It is used for the prevention and treatment of rejection episodes of transplanted organs. It also has some indication for the management of idiopathic aplastic anemia. Adverse effects include pain at the site of injection, erythema, serum sickness and rarely anaphylactic shock and thrombocytopenia. 

The clinical uses of catecholamines are based on their actions on bronchial smooth muscle, blood vessels, and the heart. Epinephrine is also useful for the treatment of allergic reactions that are due to liberation of histamine in the body, because it produces certain physiological effects opposite to those produced by histamine. It is the primary treatment for anaphylactic shock and is... 

The drug of choice for the treatment of anaphylactic shock is Epinephrine NE... 

However, allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock have been observed during treatment with tetracosactide and have even proved fatal. Local reactions have even been seen after the administration of small doses for... 

During the last four decades, microfilaricidal diethylcarbamazine [46] and macrofilaricidal suramin [47,48] have been used for the treatment of filariasis however, iboth of these drugs possess unwanted side-effects such as mazzotti reaction, toxicity, etc. Suramin is highly active against the adult worm of 0. volvulus [47] in humans, but it is very toxic to the kidney, liver and bone marrow and has other side-effects similar to DEC. DEC in the treatment of onchocerciasis produces severe mazzotti reaction (an allergic response due to rapid death of microfilariae) along with other side-effects such as pruritus and anaphylactic shock. However, the mass treatment of lymphatic filariasis with DEC was successful due to a lower and milder incidence of these adverse... 

There is no official register of MCS fatalities, but within MCS circles cases of death are reported (especially in the United States and Canada). These are often MCS patients who die from suicide, fatal reactions (such as anaphylactic shock or an allergic reaction) or due to complications from being unable to undergo traditional methods of treatment, such as chemotherapy. Severe MCS patients can sustain fatal organ damage. Officially these patients die from heart, kidney or liver failure. In these cases the cause is rarely described as MCS. 

Aside from the fact that chemical substances make them sick, some MCS patients also develop allergies and food intolerances. It s best to let yourself be treated by a therapist or doctor who can test for such things. Here, too, avoidance is the best medicine, as opposed to using all sorts of medications intended to suppress the allergic reactions (although in cases of anaphylactic shock, medicine is a matter of life and death ). Allergy and food intolerance treatment now includes a number of methods, such as low-dose antigen therapy (LDA), enzyme-potentiated desensitization (EPD neutralization injections) and the provocation/neutralization method (injections). 

Epinephrine CCi, Ob P1.P2 Acute asthma Treatment of open-angle glaucoma Anaphylactic shock... 

Intravenous administration of adrenahne for treatment of systemic anaphylactic shock should be undertaken with extreme caution, even in patients without a history of cardiovascular disease. At all times the patient must be monitored and emergency treatment should be available. Even the infiltration of low doses of adrenahne for local hemostasis can be attended by these risks one patient developed ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension after receiving 3.75 mg locally for this purpose (SEDA-17, 160), and the value of this treatment is in any case today regarded as dubious (SEDA-17, 161). 

Expected once in 1000-10 000 treatment courses Anaphylactic shock (210,241,242)... 

Co-administration of beta-blockers has been associated with an increased risk of severe allergic drug reactions and reduces the effect of adrenaline in the immediate treatment of anaphylactic shock. The mechanism involves changes in the regulation of anaphylactic mediators (281). 

However, allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock have been observed during treatment with tetracosactide and... 

Anaphylactic shock associated with cinoxacin was reported in three patients by the Netherlands Center for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs (97). Another 17 cases were reported to the WHO Collaborating Center for International Drug Monitoring. In some cases the reaction was observed immediately after the first dose of a repeat cycle of treatment. Anaphylactoid reactions to ciprofloxacin have been reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (98-100). 

Fourcade L, Gachot B, De Pina JJ, Heno P, Laurent G, Touze JE. Choc anaphylactique associe au traitement du paludisme par halofantrine. [Anaphylactic shock related to the treatment of malaria with halofantrine.] Presse Med 1997 26(12) 559. 

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