Analytical manual

Initially, there was some ovedap on proposed analytical methods to accomplish a particular analysis. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods and Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) methods in some cases dupHcated ASTA methods, but the procedures differed. Most spice companies, particulady those who are members of ASTA, use ASTA recommended methods. In an attempt to ensure that equivalent specifications are reported, the Technical Group of ASTA develops specifications and in some cases recommends that a BAM or AO AC method be used. 

Pesticide Analytical Manual, Food and Dmg Administration, Rockville, Md., Vol. I, 1990, and Vol. II, 1989. Includes multiresidue methods used by U.S. FDA to routinely check foods for pesticide residues, and single residue methods for certain pesticides not detected by any of the multiresidue methods. 

Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volumes I and II, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994. 

FDA. 1994. Pesticide analytical manual, Vol. 1, 3rd edition, Multiresidue methods. Method 302 Method for Nonfatty Foods Method 303 Method II for Nonfatty Foods, Method 304 Method for Fatty Foods. FDA, US Department of Health and Human Services. 

Bacteriological analytical manual, 8th edn. (1995). AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD. 

The Pesticide Analytical Manual of the US Food and Drug Administration or the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International are method collections with international recognition. Both compilations are written in English, one prerequisite for its success. Method collections of EU Member States are most often available only in the national languages. Eor this reason, they are relatively unknown in other Member States. Fortunately, some good collections of official national methods are translated into the English language. The most important are... 

Pesticide Analytical Manual. Volume 1, Multiresidue Methods, third edition, US Food and Drug Administration Washington, DC, Sect. 302 (1994). 

Wheat samples should be sampled and prepared for analysis according to the general instructions provided in the Pesticide Analytical Manual , Vol. 1. Soil samples should be prepared for analysis by homogenization with a hammer mill or knife mill. Water samples are used without sample preparation. 

The current residue method for the determination of terbacil and its metabolites in agricultural commodities follows the Pesticide Analytical Manual , Volume n, ... 

Two steps have been added to the original Pesticide Analytical Manual method to increase the stability of the trimethylsilyl derivatives and to clean up the final extract prior to GC analysis, namely the use of a sodium sulfate mini-column to dry the extract after derivatization and the use of a Florisil Sep-Pak cartridge to remove matrix interferences. The advantages of the current method are the simultaneous evaluation of the four analytes, reproducibility and low matrix interference. 

It should be mentioned that the Food Additives Analytical Manual (FAAM) [75] provides analysts with FDA evaluated methodology (partly subjected to collaborative study) needed to determine compliance with food additive regulations, including procedures for indirect food additives, such as butylated hydroxy-anisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), t-butylhydroxyquinone (TBHQ), dilaurylthiopropionate (DLTDP), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), sodium benzoate, sorbitol, and others. 

C. Warner, J. Modderman, T. Fazio, M. Beroza, G. Schwartzman and K. Fominaya, Food Additives Analytical Manual, AOAC International, Arlington, VA (1993). 

C12 to C20, primarily Ci6 to ( is), used as surface lubricants in the manufacture of food-contact articles. The method, which uses ethyl palmitate (Eastman Chemicals No. 1575 Red Label) as an internal standard, has been validated at 200 ppm total FAME [185]. Other FAME standards (methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) are available (Applied Science Laboratories) [116], Worked out examples of additive determinations are given in the Food Additives Analytical Manual [116], which also describes a great many of indirect food additives, such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, l-chloro-2-propanol, DLTDP, fatty acid methyl esters, w-heptyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl-gallate, sodium benzoate, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, sorbitol and phenolic antioxidants. EPA methods 606 and 8060 describe the CGC separation of phthalate esters (direct injection) (cf. Figure 4.2). 

Food Additives Analytical Manual Food and Drug Administration... 

US FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Bacteriological Analytical Manual Online, 2001. 

Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM) http //www.cfsan.fda.gov/ frf/ pamil.html... 

Water samples were taken on April 21, August 6, and December 11, 1980 as described and illustrated In Table I and Figure 1, respectively. All samples were analyzed for the following pesticides, using routine methods derived from the Pesticide Analytical Manual, PAM, (J ), and shown to contain less than the Indicated amounts (parts per million) captan <0.2 dlfolatan <0.1 carbaryl <0.01 methylparathlon <0.1 permethrin <0.01 azlnphosmethyl <0.1. Cited thresholds were above the detection limits. 

Pesticide Analytical Manual II Food and Drug Administration Washington, D.C., 1982. 

Jacobson, A. P., Thunberg, R. L., Johnson, M. L., Hammack, T. S., and Andrews, W. H. (2004). Alternative anaerobic enrichments to the bacteriological analytical manual culture method for isolation of Shigella sonnei from selected types of fresh produce. J. AOAC Int. 87,1115-1122. 

Feng P, Weagant SD, Grant MA (1998) Enumeration of Escherichia coh and the Coliform Bacteria, in Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Edn. 8 - Revision A, Chapter 4, US Eood and Drug Administration... 

United States Food and Drug Administration (1987) Acrylonitrile. In Fazio, T. Sherma, J., eds, Food Additives Analytical Manual, Vol. 11, A Collection of Analytical Methods for Selected Food Additives, Arlington, VA, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, pp. 1-24... 

Crop Extraction and Cleanup (FM0CC1). The extraction procedure found in the Pesticide Analytical Manual (17) was utilized throughout. In this procedure 100 g of chopped crop, 100 ml of chloroform and 200 ml of water were added to a 1 quart Mason jar and blended at medium speed for 15 min. The jar was rinsed with 2 x 20 ml of H2O and the combined contents and rinses distributed equally between three 60 mm x 120 mm polypropylene centrifuge bottles. After centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 20 min. the aqueous layers were combined and rotary evaporated to 50 ml at which time the pH was adjusted to 1.0 with concentrated HC1. 

Pesticide Analytical Manual, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D. C., Pest. Reg. Sec. 180.364. 

Several monographs and various sections in this edition have portions based on other publications, and are used with permission granted by the parent organizations the American Chemical Society the American Oil Chemists Society the American Society for Testing and Materials AOAC International and the United States Pharma-copeial Convention, Inc. This edition of the Food Chemicals Codex directly references the procedures in the Eighth Edition of the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual... 

E. coll Determine as directed in chapter 4 of the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Eighth Edition, 1998. Nitrogen Determine as directed for Method II under Nitrogen Determination, Appendix IIIC, using a 1-g sample. 

Coliforms Proceed as directed in chapter 4 of the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Eighth Edition, 1998. 

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