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Analysis of Radionuclides

Henry et al.33 reported that improvements in quadrupole ICP-MS resulted in ag mass detection capability. Consequently the analysis of radionuclides with shorter half-lives is also possible. In Table 9.38 the detection limits of several mass spectrometric techniques for the determination of long-lived radionuclides are compared. [Pg.418]

Grate, J. W., Strebin, R. S., Janata, J., Egorov, O., and Ruzicka, J., Automated analysis of radionuclides in nuclear waste Rapid determination of Sr-90 by sequential injection... [Pg.558]

The RMBC assessed its regional public-health priorities and developed the following nine demonstration projects on the basis of the needs of the community possible correlation of exposure to arsenic in drinking water and type 2 diabetes, a spot blood metals-analysis feasibility study, health-clinic samples for chemical-terrorism baselines, of relationship between urine arsenic and metal concentrations and drinking-water exposure, assessment of exposure to VOCs from subsurface volatilization, cotinine concentrations associated with environmental tobacco smoke, assessment of exposure to mercury from ingestion of fish, analysis of radionuclides in urine, and biomonitoring of organophosphorus pesticides in urine (Utah Department of Health 2006). [Pg.78]

In this discussion, we follow lAEA-Report 295 (1989) and describe samples and pathways relevant to the analysis of radionuclides in foods, and of environmental materials that are part of the immediate pathways leading to contamination of food. [Pg.381]

For the analysis of radionuclides in airborne dust, the dust is collected on a filter using a dust sampler. Iodine in the air is collected on an active carbon filter using a dust sampler. Tritium exists in the form of vapour (HTO) or gas (HT) in the air. The HTO is absorbed on silica gel HT is changed to HTO using a palladium catalyst and then the HTO absorbed on silica gel. Radioactive noble gases such as Kr are absorbed on an active-carbon trap cooled with liquid nitrogen. [Pg.411]

Ochs, M., Lothenbach, B., Shibata, M., Sato, H., and Yui, M. (2003). Sensitivity analysis of radionuclide migration in compacted bentonite a mechanistic model approach. 7 Contam. Hydrol. 61, 313—328. [Pg.559]

Some previous studies, such as those conducted on the Clinch River, have indicated that biomass may be neglected in a mass balance analysis of radionuclides (I, 4). However, when the biomass was extensive in the flume, a significant portion of the radionuclide was retained, at least temporarily (Figure 4). Plants sorbed radionuclides in the order indicated. [Pg.194]

Analytical processes at the conventional concentrations discussed in Chapter 3 involve such concepts as the mass action law and the solubility product these tools can be applied to the analysis of radionuclides at extremely low, trace-level, ... [Pg.66]

Radiobioassay is the determination of the kind, quantity, and location of radionuclides in the body by direct measurement (in vivo) or by in vitro analysis of material excreted from the body. Spectral analysis permits rapid analysis of radionuclides that emit gamma rays. Computer systems with data analysis in terms of metabolic models support routine use of bioassay procedures for assessing internally deposited radionuclides. The whole-body counter is an example of an in vivo procedure. [Pg.91]

The following is a brief description of the various ionization sources used in mass spectrometry. Those sources most commonly used in the analysis of radionuclides will be described in greater detail later in the chapter. [Pg.366]

All of these fields have requirements for sensitive analysis of radionuclides. In general, mass spectrometry is used for measuring long-lived radionuclides at low abundances, where radiation-counting techniques provide insufficient sensitivity. Modern mass spectrometers can detect individual atoms, which translates into... [Pg.406]

E10.05 E0181-93el Standard Test Methods for Detector Calibration and Analysis of Radionuclides... [Pg.415]

Our initial work in automating laboratory analysis of radionuclides in nuclear waste has now advanced to the development of sensors and instruments for nonlaboratory settings. Our sensor for Tc in groundwater was selected for prototype engineering development, and a field test was conducted at the Hanford site in September 2002. This unit successfully quantified the Tc activity in Hanford groundwater samples. The automated Tc analyzer has been under development for use at the Hanford site, and was selected in a conqietitive process for incorporation into the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant. [Pg.340]

A-lOc. A.T. Wassel, A.F. Mills, D.C. Bugby, and R.N. Oehlberg, Analysis of Radionuclide Retention in Water Pools , Nuclear Engineering and Design, 90(1985)87. [Pg.51]

Thus, the grade of automation reached will be limited principally by the level of activity found in the sample and the detector selected. The latter will mainly depend on the half-Ufe of the radionuclide of interest, in order to achieve the greatest sensitivity. Figure 8.1 shows different approaches used for the analysis of radionuclides, indicating the steps of the analytical protocol susceptible to be automated. [Pg.248]

Techniques for the characterization of radionuclides in aqueous solutions did not change significantly in the last years. Most of the new investigations are focused on the elimination of interferences and faster separations through the use of new products with novel physical and chemical properties. Some other applications to the analysis of radionuclides are focused on understanding natural systems through the analysis of isotope ratios. The purpose of this review is to summarize problems arising due to radionuclides in the environment and to present new techniques for the determination of isotopes in water. [Pg.78]

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation similar to x-rays, though more energetic. Since the energy of gamma radiation is often a well-defined property of the emitting nucleus, it may be used in some cases for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of radionuclides. [Pg.108]


See other pages where Analysis of Radionuclides is mentioned: [Pg.311]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.210]    [Pg.517]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.431]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.435]    [Pg.437]    [Pg.439]    [Pg.441]    [Pg.443]    [Pg.445]    [Pg.447]    [Pg.449]    [Pg.451]    [Pg.453]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.100]   


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