Analysis of pesticide residues

EPA. 1980d. Analysis of pesticide residues in human and environmental samples A compilation of methods selected for use in pesticide monitoring programs. Research Triangle Park, NC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory. EPA-600/8-80-038. NTIS PB82-208752. 

Sheridan RS, Meola JR. 1999. Analysis of pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables, and milk by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int 82(4) 982-990. 

Analysis of Pesticide Residues. Edited by H. Anson Moye... 

Fukuhara K, Takeda M, Uchiyama M. 1977. [Studies on analysis of pesticide residues in foods (XXV) Analytical method for endosulfan in crops.] ShokuhinEiseigakuZasshi 18 149-153. (Japanese)... 

H.A. Moye, Analysis of Pesticide Residues, Wiley, New York (1981). 

The development of new fiber coatings in the near future should further improve the specificity of SPME and overcome some of the observed matrix effects. Quantification by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) may assist in improving analytical performance. Along with the possible application of micro LC and capillary LC columns to in-tube SPME, the development of novel derivatization methods and the potential for the analysis of fumigant pesticides, SPME appears to be a technique with a future in the analysis of pesticide residues in food. 

The most common and diverse approach to cleanup (and extraction of water samples) in pesticide residue analysis is SPE. Over the last 20 years, improvements and diversifications in SPE formats, sorbent types, and apparatus have made SPE a widely used approach for a variety of applications, including the analysis of pesticide residues. SPE cartridges or disks can be likened to low-resolution HPLC columns in that similar stationary and mobile phases are used. A typical particle size in SPE is 40 pm, and the plastic cartridges are generally packed with 0.1-1 g of sorbent in plastic tubes. The choice of reversed-phase, normal-phase, and ion-exchange media in SPE is very diverse, and Table 2 lists some of the more popular SPE applications for the cleanup of pesticides. 

Vol. 57 Photoacoustics and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. By Allan Rosencwaig Vol. 58 Analysis of Pesticide Residues. Edited by H. Anson Moye Vol. 59 Afflty Chromatography. By William H. Scouten... 

Thompson JE (1974) Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Human and Environmental Samples, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, US Environmental NC Sec 10A DG... 

Viana E, Molto JC, Manes J, et al. 1994. Clean up confirmatory procedures for gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues, Part II. J Chromatogr 678(1) 109-117. 

Stan HJ, Goebel H. 1983. Automated capillary gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in food. J Chromatogr 268(1 ) 55-70. 

G.l.c.—May be used for the analysis of pesticide residues,212 phosphates in water,212 phosphamide in milk and meat,213-214 and phosphatidylcholines.216... 

Since the analytical point of view most of current analytical methods are based on LC-MS/MS, but for some classes of pesticides GC-MS continues being the technique of choice. The use of quadrupole ion trap (QIT) to analyze multiple pesticide residues is limited to several multiclass pesticides in fruit [162], because of the limited number of ions that can be isolated at the same time. For this reason, the use of several time windows is required and this is indeed a strong limitation in practice. The use of hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QqLlT) mass spectrometer has provided significant contribution to the development of high-sensitive multiresidue analytical methods for pesticide control. An example of application is the method reported by Hernando et al. for the analysis of pesticide residues in olive oil [65]. 

Lee SM, Wylie PL. 1991. Comparison of the atomic emission detector to other element-selective detectors for the gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues. J Agric Food Chem 39 2192-2199. 

A number of 3-hydroxyflavones, unsubstituted in the S position, were found to be practically non-fluorescent in non-polar media while exhibiting intense fluorescence in polar environments [161]. The use of such compounds for analysis of pesticide residues has been evaluated for polar compounds separated by TLC [162]. The developed plates are sprayed with fisetin and a fluorescent spot results where the pesticide is located on a weakly fluorescent or non-fluorescent background. 

Ercegovich, C.D. (1971). Analysis of pesticide residues Immunological techniques. In FJ. Biros, ed., Pesticide Identification at the Residue Level. ACS Symposium Series 104. Washington, DC. American Chemical Society, pp. 162-177. 

Sandberg, R.G., L.J. Van Houten, J.L. Schwartz, R.P. Bighano, S.M. Dallas, J.C. Silvia, M.A. Cabelli, and N. Narayanswamy (1992). A conductive polymer-based immunosensor for the analysis of pesticide residues. In P.R. Mathewson and J.W. Finley, eds., Biosensor Design and Application. ACS Symposium Series 511. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, pp. 81-88. 

Wittmann, C. and R.D. Schmid (1994). Development and application of an automated quasi-continuous immunoflow injection system to the analysis of pesticide residues in water and soil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 42 1041-1047. 

Singh, K.P., Takroo, R., Roy, P.K., 1987. Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Water. ITRC Manual No. 1. Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow (UP), India. 

Tan, G.H., Goh, S.H., Vijayaletchumy, K., 1991. Analysis of pesticide residues in Peninsular Malaysian waterways. Environ. Monit. Assess. 19, 469-479. 

Jimenez, J.J., J.L. Bernal, M.J. del Nozal, et al. 1998. Solid-phase microextraction applied to the analysis of pesticide residues in honey using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. J. Chromatogr. A 829 269-277. 

Vogelsang, J. 1991. The quality control chart principle Application to the routine analysis of pesticide residues in air. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 340 384—388. 

Zrostlikova J, Hajslova J, Poustka J, Begany P (2002) Alternative calibration approaches to compensate the effect of co-extracted matrix components in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues in plant materials. J Chromatogr A 973 13-26... 

A Critical Comparison of Pre-Column and Post-Column Fluorogenic Labeling for the HPLC Analysis of Pesticide Residues... 

Analysis of Pesticidal Residues in the Air Near Agricultural Treatment Sites... 

Other early food applications included the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, organic acids, lipids, amino acids, toxins (e.g., aflatox-ins in peanuts, ergot in rye), and contaminants. As with pharmaceutical analysis, HPLC provides the ability to analyze for vitamin content in food... 

---