Ammonium sulfids

Ammonium polysulflde (yellow ammonium sulfide), (NH4)2Sx allow the colorless (NH4)2S to stand, or add sulfur. 

Ammonium sulfide (colorless), (NH4)2S — saturated pass H2S through 200 mL of concentrated NH4OH in the cold until no more gas is dissolved, add 200 mL NH4OH and dilute with water to a liter the addition of 15 g of sulfur is sufficient to make the poly sulfide. 

Sir Joseph Swan, as a result of his quest for carbon fiber for lamp filaments (2), learned how to denitrate nitrocellulose using ammonium sulfide. In 1885 he exhibited the first textiles made from this new artificial sHk, but with carbon fiber being his main theme he failed to foUow up on the textile possibihties. Meanwhile Count Hilaire de Chardoimet (3) was researching the nitrocellulose route and had perfected his first fibers and textiles in time for the Paris Exhibition in 1889. There he got the necessary financial backing for the first Chardoimet silk factory in Besancon in 1890. His process involved treating mulberry leaves with nitric and sulfuric acids to form cellulose nitrate which could be dissolved in ether and alcohol. This collodion solution could be extmded through holes in a spinneret into warm air where solvent evaporation led to the formation of soHd cellulose nitrate filaments. 

Organic compounds normally cause Htde or no corrosion of magnesium. Tanks or other containers of magnesium alloys are used for phenol [108-95-2] methyl bromide [74-96 ] and phenylethyl alcohol [60-12-8]. Most alcohols cause no more than mild attack, but anhydrous methanol attacks magnesium vigorously with the formation of magnesium methoxide [109-88-6]. This attack is inhibited by the addition of 1% ammonium sulfide [12135-76-1] or the presence ofwater. 

There are two manganese(II) sulfides, MnS and MnS2. Manganese(II) disulfide contains a S—S bond and has a pyrite stmcture. When a solution of a manganous salt is treated with ammonium sulfide, a flesh-colored hydrated precipitate is formed which is comprised of MnS and Mn(II)S2. This mixture very slowly changes to the mote stable green-black MnS. 

If pure isomers are required, the ortho and meta compounds can be prepared by indirect methods. o-Nitrotoluene can be obtained by treating 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ammonium sulfide followed by diazotization and boiling with ethanol. / -Nitrotoluene can be prepared from -toluidine by acetylation, nitration deacetylation, diazotization, and boiling with ethanol. A fairly pure -nitrotoluene, which has been isolated from the isomeric mixture, can be purified further by repeated crystallization. 

Dinitrotoluene is oxidized to 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid [610-30-0] by potassium permanganate or chromic acid, and is reduced to 2,4-diaminotoluene by iron and acetic acid. It is reduced partially by zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid to 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene [99-55-8] and by ammonium sulfide to 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene [119-32-4],... 

Sulfur vapor and ammonia react to give ammonium sulfide and nitrogen sulfur and hquid anhydrous ammonia react to produce nitrogen sulfide... 

Ammonia combines with hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, or both, to form various ammonium sulfides and polysulfides. Generally these materials are somewhat unstable, tending to change in composition on standing. Ammonium sulfides are used by the textile industry. 

Ammonium Sulfide. Ammonium sulfide [12135-76-1/, (NH 2S> produced by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with excess ammonia. ... 

Sohd ammonium sulfide decomposes to ammonia and ammonium hydrosulfide at about — 18°C consequently it is normally marketed as a 40—44% aqueous solution. In June 1991 the price was 507 per metric ton. 

Ammonium Hydrosulfide. The reaction of equimolar amounts of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide results in the formation of ammonium hydrosulfide [12124-99-1/, NH HS, which is also produced by the loss of ammonium from ammonium sulfide. The hydrosulfide is very soluble in water,... 

Carbonyl sulfide reacts with chlorine forming phosgene (qv) and sulfur dichloride [10545-99-0] and with ammonia forming urea and ammonium sulfide [12135-76-1]. Carbonyl sulfide attacks metals, eg, copper, ia the presence of moisture and is thought to be iavolved ia atmospheric sulfur corrosion (27,28). Its presence ia propane gas at levels above a few ppm may cause the gas to fail the copper-corrosion test. 

This reaction can also be mn in a continuous fashion. In the initial reactor, agitation is needed until the carbon disulfide Hquid phase reacts fully. The solution can then be vented to a tower where ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are stripped countercurrendy by a flow of steam from boiling ammonium thiocyanate solution. Ammonium sulfide solution is made as a by-product. The stripped ammonium thiocyanate solution is normally boiled to a strength of 55—60 wt %, and much of it is sold at this concentration. The balance is concentrated and cooled to produce crystals, which are removed by centrifiigation. 

This reaction seties continues until the last polysulfide is ammonium sulfide and the process is completed by reaction with sulfur dioxide ... 

Diphenylhydrazine (hydrazobenzene) [122-66-7] M 184.2, m 34°, 44°, 175°/10mm, 222°/40mm, pKe i -1.7. Crystd from hot EtOH containing a little ammonium sulfide or H2SO3 (to prevent atmospheric oxidation), preferably under nitrogen. Dried in a vacuum desiccator. Also crystd from pet ether (b 60-100°) to constant absorption spectrum. HCl, from EtOH has m 163-164°(dec). Picrate, from C6H6, has m 123°(dec). 

Ammonium acetate Ammonium adipate Ammonium benzoate Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium biflluoride Ammonium binoxalate Ammonium bisulfate Ammonium bitartrate Ammonium tetraborate Ammonium bromide Ammonium carbonate Ammonium chloride Ammonium citrate Ammonium diclnomate Ammonium fluoride Ammonium fluorosilicate Ammonium gluconate Ammonium iodide Ammonium molybdate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium oxalate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium picrate Ammonium polysulfide Ammonium salicylate Ammonium stearate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium sulfide (hydrosulfide) Ammonium tartrate Ammonium tliiocyanate Ammonium thiosulfate... 

The H2S, of course, reacts with further ammonia to form ammonium sulfides but the reaction can be made to proceed in the forward direction as written by addition of (soluble) Agl to precipitate AgS and form NH4I. 

An interesting approach to quinindoline (227) is due to Gabriel and Eschenbach who found that reductive ring closure of a,jS-bis-o-nitrophenylpropionic acid with ferrous sulfate and ammonia or of its nitrile (226) with alcoholic ammonium sulfide in a sealed tube at 100°... 

Conditions under which the reaction is directed solely toward the formation of the sulfide 46 (yield of up to 89.5%) have been reported (79ZOR1554) Liquid ammonia is used as a solvent, whereas sulfide ions are generated by ammonium sulfide formed directly in the reaction mixture from ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The sulfide 46 possesses the Z,Z-configuration, providing evidence for a high trans stereoselectivity of the reaction (79ZOR1554). 

Schwefel-. of sulfur, sulfur, sulfuric, sulfide of, thio-. siilfo-. -abdruck, m. sulfiir print, -alkali, n. alkali siilfide. -alkohol, m. siilfur alcohol, thiol carbon disulfide (old name), -ammonium, -ammon, n. ammonium sulfide, -antlmon, n. antimony sulfide, -antimonblei, n, antimony lead sulfide (Min.) boulanger-ite. 

Ammonia can also react with hydrogen sulfide to form ammonium sulfide ... 

Di-o-nitrophenyl disulfide was first prepared by the action of hydriodic acid on o-nitrobenzene sulfochloride.1 It has also been prepared by the reduction of o-nitrobenzene sulfinic acid with hydrogen bromide 2 by the reduction of ethyl-o-nitro-phenylsulfonacetate with ammonium sulfide 3 and by the deamination of 4,4,-diamino-2,2 -dinitrodiphenyldisulfide.4 The procedure given is the method of Blanksma5 as elaborated by Wohlfahrt.6... 

Ethyl -aminobenzoate has been prepared by the esterification of p-aminobcnzoic acid1 and by the reduction of ethyl /i-nitrobenzoate with ammonium sulfide.2 Although commer-dally the reagent used is usually iron and water in presence of a little acid, in the laboratory the catalytic reduction as described in the procedure is by far the most convenient. 

Ammonium sulfide, 3, n Ammonium thiocyanate, 7, 48 Ammonolysis, 4, 3 7, 16 o-Amyl alcohol, 1, 4, 10 Amyl alcohol, active, 7, 77 mo-Amyl Bromide, 1,1, 2, 4, 10 w-Amyl Methyl Ketone, 7, do -Amyl propiolic acid, 7, 62 Analysis of Benzoylhydroperoxide, 8,32 Analysis of Benzoylperoxide, 8, 31 Anhydro-o-Hydroxymercoribenzoic Acid, 7, 3... 

The combined action of acetone and ammonium sulfide on the pyrazolopentathiepin 1 results in a mixture of comparable amounts of three isomeric pyrazolotetrathiepins.416... 

The formation of such a staircase structure in the macromolecules of PAN in the process of thioamidation of PAN fibres with aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfide accounts for the significant increase of heat resistance of the modified fibres obtained. 

An even higher heat resistance of modified AN copolymers is attained as a result of cyclization by treating previously crosslinked fibres based on the copolymer of AN and 4-chloro-2-butenyl methacrylate44 with ammonium sulfide ... 

These copolymers undergo side reactions which are mainly reducible to reactions in which chloride atoms take part. When copolymers of AN and vinylidene chloride are treated with aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfide at 90 °C, nitrile groups have been shown to be almost fully converted into thioamide groups, and practically no hydrolysis of the formed thioamide groups is taking place in this case. At the same time, it was found that in the course of this treatment dehydrochlorination is taking place almost quantitatively ... 

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