Ammonium poly sulfide

N. Anastasijevic The name of Dr. Anastasijevic is associated both to the first NEMCA study in liquids (Chapter 10), together with Baltruschat and Heitbaum, but also with the development at LURGI of a new NEMCA-based process for the production of ammonium poly sulfide (Chapter 10). Chronologically he was the first aqueous electrochemist who realized the importance and potential of NEMCA. 

Phenylacetamide has been obtained by a wide variety of reactions from benzyl cyanide with water at 250-260° 6 from benzyl cyanide with water and cadmium oxide at 240° 6 from benzyl cyanide with sulfuric acid 7 8 by saturation of an acetone solution of benzyl cyanide with potassium hydrosulfide 9 from benzyl cyanide with sodium peroxide 10 by electrolytic reduction of benzyl cyanide in sodium hydroxide 11 from ethyl phenyl-acetate with alcoholic 12 or aqueous 13 ammonia from phenyl-acetic acid with ammonium acetate 14 or urea 15 from diazoacetophenone with ammoniacal silver solution 16 from phenyl-acetic acid imino ether hydrochloride and water 17 from acetophenone with ammonium poly sulfide at 215° 18 from benzoic acid 19 and by heating the ammonium salt of phenyl-acetic acid.20... 

The original Willgerodt Reaction conditions required high temperature and pressure, with use of ammonium poly sulfide fNHihS, and H20 to give either an amide or the ammonium salt of the corresponding acid. Kindler s modification, shown above, eliminated these problems and substituted S8 and a dry amine, most commonly morpholine. 

Fouled or plugged internals] for SWS cooling water leak/pH of feed water too basic/calcium ion concentration too high causing precipitation when temperatures in stripper exceed 122 °C/temperature < 82 °C at which ammonium poly-sulfides form/overhead lines not insulated. 

Ammonium Metavanadate 2859 53 Ammonium Poly-sulfide Solution 2818 60... 

Ammonium sulfide (colorless), (NH4)2S — saturated pass H2S through 200 mL of concentrated NH4OH in the cold until no more gas is dissolved, add 200 mL NH4OH and dilute with water to a liter the addition of 15 g of sulfur is sufficient to make the poly sulfide. 

There is a long history of the preparation of explosive solids or oils from interaction of diazonium salts with solutions of various sulfides and related derivatives. Such products have arisen from benzene- and toluene-diazonium salts with hydrogen, ammonium, or sodium sulfides [1,5] 2- or 3-chlorobenzene-, 4-chloro-2-methylbenzene-, 2- or 4-nitrobenzene- or 1- or 2-naphthalene-diazonium solutions with hydrogen sulfide, sodium hydrogen sulfide or sodium mono-, di- or poly-sulfides [l]-[4,7], 4-Bromobenzenediazonium solutions gave with hydrogen sulfide at -5°C a product which exploded under water at 0°C [2], and every addition of a drop of 3-chlorobenzenediazonium solution to sodium disulfide solution... 

Brunelle, in Chapter 5, has provided a solution to the problem of quaternary ammonium catalysts being unstable at elevated temperatures in the presence of highly nucleophilic anions. He found that catalysts based on p-dialkylaminopyridinium salts are approximately one hundred times more stable than simple tetraalkylammonium salts and are useful even up to temperatures of 180 C. Especially valuable is the fact that under these conditions a variety of nucleophilic displacement reactions on aryl halides occurs, making possible the economical commercial synthesis of otherwise difficulty available poly aryl ethers and sulfides. 

SYNS AMMONIUM POLYSULFIDE, solution pOT) AMMONIUM SULFIDE (POLY-) AMMONIUM SLILFIDE, solution, red AMMONIUM TRISULFIDE AP-S DIAMMONIUM TRISULFIDE... 

Poly (1,4-phenylene sulfide) resin. See Polyphenylene sulFrde resin Poly [(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-farmaldeh e. See Epoxy-novolac Polyphenylmethyl siloxane. See Phenyl methicone Phenyl trimethicone Polyphosphoric acid, ammonium salt. SeeAmmonium polyphosphate Poly (polytetrahydrofuran carbonate) diol. See Polyether-polycarbonate diol... 

Hirai et al [365] reported fabrication of silica-CdS composites by first adding 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane into freshly prepared CdS nanoparticles in a two -microemulsion system (AOT/isooctane/aqueous solution of cadmium nitrate and sodium sulfide). The surface modified nanoparticles were collected, washed in hexane, and dispersed in tetramethyl orthosilicate, dimethyl formamide, dichloromethane, chloroform etc. When selected dispersions were added to silica sols and properly processed, 100 nm silica particles with CdS core could be prepared. In an earlier work [366], silica particles were first obtained by precipitation in a microemulsion containing Igepal CO-520 i.e. poly(oxyethylene)nonylphenyl ether or Triton N-101 with a similar chemical structure, cyclohexane, hexanol (for the Triton surfactant) and ammonium hydroxide solution. The source of silica was TEOS which was injected into the reverse microemulsion. After this injection, two microemulsions of similar compositions but containing Cd(N03)2 or (NH4)2S in the aqueous phase were simultaneously injected into the microemulsion prepared for silica synthesis. After several hours, the hydrolysis-condensation product of TEOS grew into particles of size 35-50 nm depending on experimental conditions, with uniformly dispersed, 10 mol % CdS nanoparticles (size about 2.5 nm) incorporated in them. Zinc-doped, alkanedithiol-modified silica particles obtained by hydrolysis of TEOS were also used for immobilization of CdS from a reverse micelle system. The general motivation was the development of photocatalysts [367]. 

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