Sodium hydrogen sulfide

Manufacture Sodium hydrogen sulfide is manufactured by reacting hydrogen sulfide with either sodium sulfide or sodium hydroxide. 

Applications Sodium hydrogen sulfide is mainly used in the paper industry, for ore flotation, in dye chemistry, in the leather industry for hair removal and in the synthesis of organic chemicals. The 1994 USA production of sodium hydrogen sulfide was ca. 100 10 t/a. 

An oven-dried 1-1. three-necked flask is fitted with a stirrer (all glass or glass shaft with Teflon paddle) and a 

The flask is placed in a 1-1. heating mantle so that it may be heated when necessary to speed up the reaction between sodium and ethanol. 

The flask is flushed with dry nitrogen, and 200 ml. (3.40 mols) of anhydrous ethanol is added. Twelve grams (0.522 mol) of clean sodium metal, cut into small pieces, is then rapidly added to the ethanol. Reaction occurs immediately. The flask is closed and the reaction allowed to continue. The reaction mixture is stirred and heated so that the ethanol refluxes. This serves to speed up the reaction and to increase the solubility of the product, sodium ethoxide. The excess ethanol is necessary to keep the sodium ethoxide in solution. 

After the sodium has dissolved, the flask is fitted with a gas-delivery tube (5-mm. i.d.) in the unused neck. (See footnote below.) The delivery tube is arranged so that the end is below the surface of the sodium ethoxide solution. Care is taken that the stirrer blade does not hit the delivery tube. It is advisable to have the hydrogen sulfide passing through the tube before it is inserted into the flask so as to prevent clogging by sodium hydrogen sulfide. 

Hydrogen sulfide, dried over phosphorus(V) oxide, is then passed through the stirred solution, at a rate of five to ten bubbles per second, for two hours. As the resulting solution cools, some sodium hydrogen sulfide is deposited. When the solution has cooled to room temperature, 750 ml. of anhydrous ethyl ether is added as rapidly as possible to precipitate completely the sodium hydrogen sulfide. 

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Gaseous Effluents. Twenty percent of the carbon disulfide used in xanthation is converted into hydrogen sulfide (or equivalents) by the regeneration reactions. Ninety to 95% of this hydrogen sulfide is recoverable by scmbbers that yield sodium hydrogen sulfide for the tanning or pulp industries, or for conversion back to sulfur. Up to 60% of the carbon disulfide is recyclable by condensation from rich streams, but costly carbon-bed... 

The process implications of equation 3 go beyond the weU-known properties (27—29) of NMP to faciUtate S Ar processes. The function of the aminocarboxylate is also to help solubilize the sulfur source anhydrous sodium sulfide and anhydrous sodium hydrogen sulfide are virtually insoluble in NMP (26). It also provides a necessary proton acceptor to convert thiophenol intermediates into more nucleophilic thiophenoxides. A block diagram for the Phillips low molecular weight linear PPS process is shown in Eigure 1. 

Eig. 1. The key steps for the Phillips PPS process are (/) production of aqueous sodium sulfide from aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfide (or hydrogen sulfide) and aqueous sodium hydroxide 2) dehydration of the aqueous sodium sulfide and NMP feedstocks 5) polymerization of the dehydrated sulfur source with -dichlorobenzene to yield a slurry of PPS and by-product sodium chloride in the solvent (4) polymer recovery (5) polymer washing for the removal of by-product salt and residual solvent (6) polymer drying (7) optional curing, depending on the appHcation and (< ) packaging. 

Arninobenzoyl-L-glutarnic acid (12) is obtained by condensation of -nitrobenzoyl chloride [122-04-3] (18) with L-glutamic acid [56-86-0] (19) under Schotten-Baumann conditions. This is followed by reduction of the nitro group with either sodium hydrogen sulfide (29) or by electrochemical methods (30). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Sodium bisulflde Sodium hydrogen sulfide Sodium sulfhydrate Chemical Formula To be developed. 

The 2- and 3-halogenoquinoxalines may be converted into the corresponding quinoxalinethiones by treatment with sodium hydrogen sulfide, sodium thiosulfate, thioacetic acid (with concomitant decarboxylation), or (indirectly) by treatment with thiourea followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the thiouronio intermediate (usually as a one-pot procedure). The same substrates furnish corresponding alkylthio-, arylthio-, or arylsulfonylquinoxalines by treatment with a salt of the appropriate alkanethiol, thiophenol, or benzenesulfinic acid. The following classified examples illustrate such processes. 

Write formulas for each of the following compounds (a) ammonium hydrogen sulfite, (b) sodium hydrogen sulfide, and (c) iron(II) bicarbonate. 

Sodium hydrogen sulfide, or Sodium disulfide, or Sodium polysulfide... 

A still more complicated reaction is the chemiluminescent oxidation of sodium hydrogen sulfide, cysteine, and gluthathione by oxygen in the presence of heavy metal catalysts, especially copper ions 60>. When copper is used in the form of the tetrammin complex Cu(NH3) +, the chemiluminescence is due to excited-singlet oxygen when the catalyst is copper flavin mononucleotide (Cu—FMN), additional emission occurs from excited flavin mononucleotide. From absorption spectroscopic measurements J. Stauff and F. Nimmerfall60> concluded that the first reaction step consists in the addition of oxygen to the copper complex ... 

Selective reduction (e.g., partial reduction of one of two nitro groups) is carried out with an alkali sulfide, such as sodium hydrogen sulfide NaHS ( sodium sulfhy-drate ) or sodium sulfide Na2S, in an aqueous or alcoholic solution. Azo groups are not affected by this method. The reaction converts sodium hydrogen sulfide or sodium sulfide mainly to sodium thiosulfate. 

There is a long history of the preparation of explosive solids or oils from interaction of diazonium salts with solutions of various sulfides and related derivatives. Such products have arisen from benzene- and toluene-diazonium salts with hydrogen, ammonium, or sodium sulfides [1,5] 2- or 3-chlorobenzene-, 4-chloro-2-methylbenzene-, 2- or 4-nitrobenzene- or 1- or 2-naphthalene-diazonium solutions with hydrogen sulfide, sodium hydrogen sulfide or sodium mono-, di- or poly-sulfides [l]-[4,7], 4-Bromobenzenediazonium solutions gave with hydrogen sulfide at -5°C a product which exploded under water at 0°C [2], and every addition of a drop of 3-chlorobenzenediazonium solution to sodium disulfide solution... 

Treatment of the imine (47) with phosphoryl chloride in dimethylformamide gives the Vilsmeier salt (48) which when reacted with sodium hydrogen sulfide gives the thio compound (49) (Scheme 12) <81AX(B)1449>. 

The reduction of carbazole nitro groups to the primary amines is straightforward stannous chloride, tin-hydrochloric acid, iron-hydrochloric acid" hydrogen-palladium/charcoal," hydrogen-nickel,hydrazine-palladium,and hydrazine-nickeP have all been employed. 3,6-Dichloro-l,8-dinitrocarbazole was partially reduced with sodium hydrogen sulfide to give l-amino-8-nitro-3,6-dichloro-carbazole. ... 

The most effective synthesis for thietanones is the eliminative cyclization of halogenated ketones with hydrogen sulfide ions in the presence of bases (Eq. lOb). The reaction of 1,3-dibromoketone derivatives with sodium hydrogen sulfide produced 3-thietanones in association with a five-membered cyclic disulfide (Eq. 10c). 

Formation of 3-thietanones out of o,a -dibromoketones and sodium hydrogen sulfide and their ring-opening reactions. ... 

Perimidine and its N-substituted derivatives on heating with sulfur undergo filiation to form perimidine-2-thiones in good yields (81RCR1559). Thiopyrimidines are prepared by the thiolysis of halopyrimidines. using sodium hydrogen sulfide, or thioureas. 

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