Methane sulfonic acid

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA), Properties, Reactions and Applications, Technical Bulletin PB-70-1A, Elf Atochem North America, Philadelphia, Pa., 1993. 

Methane sulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen iodide, and other Brmnsted acids can faciUtate 3 -acetoxy displacement (87,173). Displacement yields can also be enhanced by the addition of inorganic salts such as potassium thiocyanate and potassium iodide (174). Because initial displacement of the acetoxy by the added salt does not appear to occur, the role of these added salts is not clear. Under nonaqueous conditions, boron trifluoride complexes of ethers, alcohols, and acids also faciUtate displacement (87,175). 

Dimethylamino-2Hydrogen chloride Methane sulfonic acid... 

Nitro-1.2-dihydro-2-(N-methylpiperazin-1-vl)methylene-6-(o-chlorophenyl)-1 H,4H-imidazo[1.2-a] [1,4] benzodiazepin-1 -one Methane sulfonic acid... 

The decanted aqueous phase was extracted three times with a total of 150 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined organic solutions were filtered over Clarcel and extracted three times with a total of 150 ml of an Iced normal aqueous methane-sulfonic acid solution. The combined acid extracts were rendered alkaline on an ice bath with 30 ml of ION caustic soda solution. The separated oil was extracted four times with a total of 200 ml of ether. The combined ethereal extracts were washed twelve times with a totai of 360 ml of distilled water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate in the presence of 0.3 g of animal charcoal and evaporated under reduced pressure on a water bath at 40°C. The oily residue obtained (3.8 g) was dissolved in 30 ml of boiling acetonitrile. After cooling for 2 hours at 3°C, the crystals formed were separated, washed with 5 ml of acetonitrile and dried at ambient temperature at low pressure. 

Salts, Methanesulfonate, FNH3+MeS03—, mp 103-05° with decompn CA Registry No 20175-02-4. It is prepd by the reaction of N-fluoroure thane (FNHCOOfit) with methane-sulfonic acid in chlf (Ref 5)... 

Fig. 1-2 Chemical data from the Vostok ice core. The graph of 5D can be taken as a proxy for temperature changes, as described in Chapter 18. CO2 and CH4 are greenhouse gases and vary in the same direction as temperature. Non-seasalt sulfate and methane sulfonic acid are both sulfur species existing in the particle phase, and are positively correlated with each other, but negatively with T. Major variations for all of these variables seem to correlate either positively or negatively with each other, indicating a coupled system. <5D, non-seasalt sulfate, and methane sulfonic acid data kindly provided by Dr Eric Saltzman. CO2 data are from Bamola et al. (1987) and Jouzel et al. (1993). CH4 data are from Chappellaz et al. (1990) and Jouzel et al. (1993). (ppmv = parts per million by volume ppbv = parts per billion by volime)...

Fig. 13-2 The chemical and physical transformations of sulfur in the atmospheric cycle. Circles are chemical species, the box represents cloud-liquid phase. DMS = CH3SCH3, DMDS = CH3SSCH3, Siv = (S02)aq + HSOi" + SO3 + CH20HS03, and MSA (methane sulfonic acid) = CH3SO3H. The chemical transformations are as... 

CH3SO3H (from oxidahon of (CH3)2S, methane sulfonic acid) aerosol, aqueous phases... 

Methane sulfonic acid is produced by tropospheric oxidation of methyl sulfides, and there are naturally occurring sulfonates including derivatives of taurine and of glucose-6-sulfonate (sulfoquinovose),... 

Rhodococcus sp. Strain T09 A Rhodococcus strain T09 was isolated by enrichment on media-containing BT. The desulfurization mechanism of this organism was reported to be similar to Gordonia sp. 213E due to the observation of similar intermediates however, the substrate specificity was different. The strain T09 could use 2-methyl, 3-methyl and 5-methyl BT apart from BT as sole source of sulfur for growth, but not 7-methyl or ethyl derivatives. Additionally, it could also use methyl thiobenzothiazole, marcaptobenzothiazole, as well as benzene sulfide, benzene sulfonate, biphenyl sulfinate, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfide, methane sulfonic acid, thiophene, and taurine as sole sulfur sources. However, it could not grow on DBT or DBT sulfone. 

Equimolar quantities of 2,4-diamino-l,5-benzenediol dihydrochloride and isophthalic acid were mixed in fresh poly (phosphoric acid) using a high-shear stirrer under a slow stream of nitrogen gas. The system was heated at 40°C for 6 hours, at CG°C for 18 hours, at 120°C for 6 hours, at 160°C for 8 hours, and at 220°C for 24 hours. The resultant mixture was dark brown. The polymer was precipitated from water. After filtration and washing with water and methanol, the solid product was then dissolved in methane-sulfonic acid, filtered and precipitated by the addition of methanol. The solid was washed with concentrated ammonium hydroxide, water, methanol, methanol/benzene mixtures (with a volume ratio of 1/1), and finally benzene. The final product was dark brown. 

This route is said to give a lower yield than method 2. Dissolve 1 3.4 g dry (1) in 250 ml dry dimethylformamide and cool to 0°. Add cooled solution of 3.4 ml 0.35 M methane-sulfonic acid anhydride in dry dimethylformamide. After thirty minutes at 0° add 14.6 g (20.4 ml) DEA and keep at 0° one hour. Evaporate in vacuum to get LSD and proceed as above. 

The use of methane sulfonic acid as electrolyte eliminates the slurry electrolyte, allows higher Ce4+ concentrations up to 1 M and simplifies process-design... 

Fig. 10. Solubility of Ce(III/IV) in aqueous methane sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid. [132], cf also Ref. [134, 135]...

The process is nearing the end of a 3000 hour pilot trial at the Shawinigan laboratory of Hydro-Quebec in a commercial scale Electro Prod Cell, or an ICI FM21 SP cell, divided by a membrane. The pilot plant based on commercially available electrochemical cells has a design capacity of 100 t/year [132], Compounds examined on the laboratory scale using the Ce(IV) methane sulfonic acid process are summarized in Table 11. 

The aromatic poly(benzothiazole) from 15 and 29 is almost amorphous and easily soluble in strong acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and methane-sulfonic acid.26 It also dissolves in organic solvents such as HMPA and o-chlorophenol. The increased solubility and amorphous nature of this polymer is also ascribed to reduced intermolecular forces and to looser packing owing to the presence of highly distorted diphenylhexafluoroisopropylidene units in the polymer backbone. 

There are two groups of triarylcarbonium pigments inner salts of triphenyl-methane sulfonic acids, and complex salts with heteropolyacids containing phosphorus, tungsten, molybdenum, silicon, or iron. 

This ESI(+) TIC, however, is dominated by strong and broad signals that eluted between 17 and 31 min, neither observable under APCI(+/—) nor ESI(-) conditions. Even under gradient RP-C18 conditions a strong tailing effect was observed while isocratic RP-C18 failed. The information obtained by ESI—LC—MS(+) was that the compounds could be ionised in the form of [M]+ ions at m/z 230, 258 and 286. ESI-LC-MS-MS(+) resulted in product ion spectra which, by means of a MS-MS library, were found to be characteristic for the amphoteric amine oxide surfactants. These compounds not yet observed in household formulations will be presented later on with the RIC of LC separation (cf. Fig. 2.5.11(d)). After identification as amine oxides, the separation and detection of this compound mixture now could be achieved by an isocratic elution using a PLRP-column and methane sulfonic acid and ESI(+) ionisation with the result of sharp signals (RT = 4-6 min) as presented in Fig. 2.5.11(d). 

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