Amines, polymeric, immobilization

Amines, polymeric, immobilization of the Cu(II) complexes, 134 Arsonic acid, polymer-bound, generated, 139 Aryl ethers, formation with Nafion, 51t... 

In Chapter 18, Matsuyama and Teramoto report the preparation of new types of cation-exchange membranes by grafting acrylic acid and methacrylic acid to substrates, such as microporous polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and poly[l-(trimethylsilyl)-l-propyne], by use of a plasma graft polymerization technique. Various monoprotonated amines are immobilized by electrostatic forces in the ion-exchange membranes and used as carriers for carbon dioxide. With these membrane systems carbon dioxide/nitrogen selectivities of greater than 4700 are obtained with high carbon dioxide flux. 

Polyamines and their ammonium salts have been of interest because they are known to have potential applications as chelating agents (1-3), ion exchange resins (4-6), flocculants (7,8), and other industrial uses (9). Recent biomedical applications have constituted another important use of polymeric amines they have been investigated for use as biocompatable materials, polymeric drugs, immobilization of enzymes, cell-culture substratum and cancer chemotherapeutic agents (10-12). 

The patterned amine materials have been used to construct CGC-inspired sites that were evaluated in the catalytic polymerization of ethylene after activation with MAO. The complexes assembled on a porous silica surface using this methodology are more active than previously reported materials prepared on densely-loaded amine surfaces. This increased activity further suggests the isolated, unique nature of the metal centers. Work is continuing in our laboratory to further characterize the nature of the active sites, as well as to obtain more detailed kinetic data on the catalysts. The patterning methodology is also being applied to the creation of immobilized catalysts for small molecule reactions, such as Heck and Suzuki catalysis. 

Additionally, the authors chose 3-chloropropionyl chloride as the immobilized building block in order to carry out a ring-expansion approach, which led to the generation of a 14-member library of thioxotetrahydropyrimidinones [85, 86], The initially prepared polymer-bound chloropropionyl ester was efficiently transformed into the corresponding diamines by transamination utilizing several primary amines. These diamine intermediates could also be obtained by treatment of the pure polymeric support with acryloyl chloride and subsequent addition of the appropriate amines (Scheme 7.74). 

Z.Y. Wu, Y.H. Yan, G.L. Shen, and R.Q. Yu, A novel approach of antibody immobilization based on n-butyl amine plasma-polymerized films for immunosensors. Anal. Chim. Acta 412, 29-35 (2000). 

The fhioethyl group present in the anchor group of (40) was activated by treatment with N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) followed by displacement with a variety of alcohols (44-46). To prove the possible application of this linker in solid phase carbohydrate synthesis, protected glycosides (47) and (48) were coupled to linker (40) and released enzymatically. Flitsch et al. also described the immobilization and enzymatic cleavage on a variety of amines [41]. Nevertheless, the application of this enzyme-labile hnker group in multi-step syntheses on the solid phase and subsequent enzyme-initiated release from the polymeric support has not been described yet. 

Chitosan (Fig. 16) is an amino-modified natural polysaccharide that canbe also used as a polymeric gel for the covalent binding of OND probes [61]. Chitosan offers several advantages for NA immobilization. Its pH responsive properties allow it to be easily immobilized onto glass slides for the construction of arrays. Specifically, chitosan is soluble at low pH, when its amine groups are protonated, but becomes insoluble when the pH is raised above its pKa 6.3). 

The interaction of amine-modified silica with Cu2+ ion is the most documented.23,24,25 However, the retention of other transition metals as well as precious metals with dedicated modification layers has also been reported. The separation of Pd and Pt from base metals, Ir(III) and Rh(III) was effectuated by using silica-bound thioether sulfur and primary amine groups.26 A review on polymeric as well as modified silica supports for separation and preconcentration of trace metals is presented by Kantipuly.27 This metal immobilization also allows other applications such as metalion chromatography28 and heavy metal catalysis.29... 

Yu, K., McKittrick, M. W. and Jones, C. W. Role of amine structure and site isolation on the performance of aminosilica-immobilized zirconium CGC-inspired ethylene polymerization catalysts, Organometallics, 2004, 23, 4089 4096. 

Tsuchia, E., Nishide, H. Selective adsorption of metal ions to polymeric amines immobilized by template reaction, in Polymeric amines and ammonium salts (ed.) Goethals, E. J., p. 271, New York. Pergamon Press 1980... 

Solvent Solutions. Certain solvent solutions of aromatic amines have been noticed to polymerize epoxy resins at room temperature.11 The effect of the solvent is probably to allow sufficient mobility of the polymer chains for an adequate degree of crosslinking to occur before the viscosity becomes so high that the molecules are immobilized. The aromatic amine solutions are usually used with a cure accelerator to achieve practical cure rates at room temperature. 

The migration principle was suggested as the reason of the enhancement of the antioxidant activity of polyester-polyether elastomer-bound hindered phenol by the addition of 0.25% of an easier migrating AO, 4,4 -bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)di-phenylamine (5) [181] this easier migrating amine is regenerated by the immobilized phenolic moiety, by means of the principle of homosynergism [5]. Similarly, a blend of polymeric redox hydroquinone-benzoquinone AO with equal amounts of iV-phenyl-iV -(l,3-dimethylbutyl)-l,4-phenylenediamine exerted a pronounced increase of antioxidant efficiency in SBR [124]. A synergistic combination based... 

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