Amides compounds

The definition of crop residues for thiamethoxam and thiacloprid includes the parent and its metabolite fV-(2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl)-fV -methyl-A"-nitroguanidine (designated the guanidine compound) for thiamethoxam, and 3-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-l,3-thiazolidin-2-ylideneaminocarboxamide (designated the amide compound) for thiacloprid (Figure 3). 

Amide compound of thiacloprid Guanidine compound of thiamethoxam Figure 3 Stmctures of metabolites of thiacloprid and thiamethoxam... 

Our investigations showed that in mixed melts of eutectic composition carbamide-NH4(K)Cl, the oxidation and reduction of melt constituents take place mainly independently of each other. The anodic process at platinum electrodes in the range of potentials below 0.9V is associated with the direct oxidation of carbamide to secondary and tertiary amide compounds, accumulation of ammonium ions in the melt, and evolution of the same gaseous products as in carbamide electrolysis [8], The cathodic process is accompanied by the formation of ammonia, CO, and C02, i.e. of the same products as in pure- carbamide electrolysis. In contrast to carbamide melt, a large amount of hydrogen appears in the cathode gases of the mixed melt, and in the anode gases of the carbamide-KCl melt, the presence of chlorine has been established at potentials above 0.9V. In the... 

Chemical/Physical. The gas-phase reaction of ozone with pyridine in synthetic air at 23 °C yielded a nitrated salt having the formula [CeHsNHJ NOs (Atkinson et al., 1987). Ozonation of pyridine in aqueous solutions at 25 °C was studied with and without the addition of ferf-butyl alcohol (20 mM) as a radical scavenger. With tert-hniyX alcohol, ozonation of pyridine yielded mainly pyridine W-oxide (80% yield), which was very stable towards ozone. Without terf-butyl alcohol, the heterocyclic ring is rapidly cleaved forming ammonia, nitrate, and the amidic compound W-formyl oxamic acid (Andreozzi et al., 1991). 

A few novel N-containing and alkaloid products have been isolated from dicot plant endophytes recently. Although not nearly as numerous as the hydrocarbon products, the implications of some of these compounds are significant. Simplest among the amino and amide compounds are 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA)(167) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)(168). NPA is isolated frequently from plant tissues and it has significant biological activity. Chomcheon et isolated... 

Bupivacaine is an amide compound with a duration of nerve blocking effect of around 3 hours. It is about four times more potent than lidocaine (lignocaine) and has an intermediate-to-slow onset of action. Bupivacaine is prepared as the hydrochloride salt in aqueous solutions in concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. The incidence of motor block increases with increasing concentration. High doses of bupivacaine are associated with cardiac toxicity. Particular care must be exercised to avoid inadvertent overdosage or when the drug is administered to patients taking concurrent cardioactive medication. 

The alkylzinc amide compounds 210 , 211 ° and 212 derived from the corresponding 2-(aminomethyl)pyridines, have structural features identical to those of 203-208 (Figure 100). They form dimers in which the amide nitrogen atom is /z -bridged between... 

The amide linkage of amide local anesthetics is hydrolyzed by liver microsomal cytochrome P450 isozymes. There is considerable variation in the rate of liver metabolism of individual amide compounds, with prilocaine (fastest)... 

However, initial experiments with this reagent gave poor results, with the secondary amide undergoing reduction along with the tertiary amide. Compound 101 [and 107, Fig. (29)] is sufficiently twisted such that the gem-dimethyl groups effectively block the (j-face of the tertiary amide, leaving the a-face relatively unencumbered. However, a modification of the alane procedure [60], proved satisfactory for this transformation. The piperazinedione 101 was pretreated with AlEt3, with the expectation that this Lewis acid would form a complex with the more exposed secondary lactam [106, Fig.(29).] and leave the tertiary lactam accessible for reduction. 

The most detailed studies of reactions of M -M amide) compounds were carried out by Banaszak HoU and coworkers (1995-2004), as summarised in Table 9.8. These dealt with... 

Shinkai, H., Ito, T., Yamada, H. (Japan Tobacco) New amide compounds are nociceptin antagonists -useful as analgesics e.g. for post-operative pain, W09948293 (1999). 

Solutions of the fixed alkalies convert it into black oxide, and by ammonia it is changed into the double salt, 2 (Mg KHa), Hg, 01, which is also black. This amide compound is different from that which is formed when calomel and dry ammonia are brought in contact the last has, according to Kane, the formula 2 Hgs C1,H NH ... 

As one would expect, there is a strong correlation between solubility in non-polar solvents, volatility and molecular complexity of metal amide compounds. The degree of association can typically be related to empirical formula (ML ), metal covalent radius and the steric demand of the amide substituents. 

This review groups the information published on degradation of the main families of extractants studied in the frame of long-lived minor-actinide and fission-product recovery (1-4) (see Chapter 1) alkyl-phosphorus compounds (phosphates, phosphonic acids, bifunctional compounds like CMPO), amide compounds (dialkyl-amides, malonamides, and diglycolamides), N-donor compounds, and macrocycles like crown ethers and calixarenes (Table 8.1). The multicomponent systems based on the chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide process have not been considered. 

Other amide compounds were also identified from radiolysis of DEHDMBA (A(iV-di(2-ethylhexyl)-3,3-dimethyl butanamide) and mixtures of DEHBA [N.N-di(2-ethylhexyl)- -butanamide]-DEHiBA V,V-di(2-cthylhcxyl)-i,vo-butanamide] in TPH by CPG-FTIR light primary and secondary amides and functionalized tertiary amides with high molecular masses (196). Carboxylic acids represented a large... 

An increase of the acidity in the aqueous phase slightly reduced the stability of amide compounds, not only the initial malonamide, but also the monoamide (3) and diamides (5) and (6). At the same time, the concentration of the amide-acid (1) increased. 

Reaction of ethyl trifluoroacetate with ammonia yields the corresponding amide, compound A. Com-... 

Figure 4.6 Hydrogen bonding in functional nests (a) oxyanion hole in serine protease binding the substrate tetrahedral intermediate, (b) P-loop showing the p-phosphate (middle phosphate residue) of GTP bound to a compound nest, (c) Ca2+ binding in calmodulin. The calcium is bound to three carboxylate oxygen atoms which are in turn bound to bound to a five-amide compound nest (d) the cysteine-bound Fe2 unit in spinach ferredoxin.

Fastness Improvement. The wetfastnesses of dyeings on wool that has been chlorinated to prevent felting and has received a finish with synthetic resin (poly-amide-epichlorohydrin or polyurethane superwash wool) can be increased by means of methylol amide compounds. Both fastness and antifelting finish can be improved through the application of a polyquatemary compound [88]. Anionic condensation products such as aromatic sulfonic acids with formaldehyde can form a barrier at the surface of the fiber and thus diminish the bleeding of anionic dyes. 

Another example where aromaticity plays an important role is the barrier to the rotation of amides (compound 18 is represented with N in the middle to indicate any azole) [31]. In classical amides, like dimethylformamide (15), the calculated barrier is 80.1-81.0 kJ mol1 (MP2/6-311++G ), which compares well with the experimental barriers of 91.2 (solution) and 85.8 kJ mol1 (gas-phase) [32], The cases of A-formylaziridine (16) and iV-formyl-2-azirine (17) are more complex due to the pyramidalization of the nitrogen atom and the presence of rotation and inversion barriers [32], The effect of the antiaromatic character of 2-azirine (four electrons) [18] on the barrier is difficult to assess due to changes in the ring strain. 

R)-Arbutamin was produced as follows 89.3 mg of (-)-l-di(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)phenyl)-2-aminoethanol, 50.0 mg of 4-(4-methoxymethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid, diethylphosphorylcyanide, and triethylamine were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at 0°C, reacted at room temperature, so as to obtain 108.6 mg (in a yield of 82%) of amide compound. The amide compound obtained was reduced lithium aluminium hydride in an ether solvent at reflux temperature, so as to quantitative obtain amine. And 55.6 mg of (R)-arbutamin which is intended compound was obtained by deprotecting the hydroxyl-protecting group of amine in a methanol-THF solvent at room temperature using hydrochloric acid. 

Scheme 16 shows parallel syntheses of cyclic and acyclic amide compounds. Fluorous benzaldehydes were first subjected to reductive amination reactions. The resulting amines were then reacted with isocyanates to form substituted hydantoin rings 14 or with benzoyl chlorides to form amides 15. Purified F-sulfonates were used for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to form corresponding biaryl 16 [31] and arylsulfide 17 [32] products, respectively. 

Scheme 16 Synthesis of diversified cyclic and acyclic amide compounds 16 and 17...

Satoh, T., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, Y., Miyaji, Y., and Imai, Z., Reduction of organic compound with sodium borohydride-transition metal salt systems reduction of organic nitrile, nitro and amide compounds to primary amines, Tetrahedron Lett., 10, 4555 4558, 1969. 

The lone set of dimers in Table II, [M(C5Me5)2]2(M Pyraz ne) (Fig. 20 M = Ba), were synthesized from the base-free metallocenes by addition of pyrazine to MCp (1 2), analogous to the dioxane reaction for the amide compounds (Fig. 8).103 The pyrazine compounds are intensely colored owing to both charge transfer and intraligand electronic transitions. The pyrazine ligand has been shown to be labile by uv-vis spectroscopy. 

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