Ames Salmonella test

Pednekar MD, Gandhi SR, Netrawali MS. 1987. Evaluation of mutagenic activities of endosulfan, phosalone, malathion, and permethrin, before and after metabolic activation, in the Ames Salmonella test. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 38 925-933. 

Schrader T J, Cherry W, Soper K, Langlois I and Vijay H M (2001), Examination of Altemaria altemata mutagenicity and effects of nitrosylation using the Ames Salmonella Test , Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis, 21, 261-274. 

Ichinotsubo, D., Mower, H. Mandel, M. (1981) Mutagen testing of a series of paired compounds with the Ames Salmonella testing system. In de Serres, F.J. Ashby, J., eds,... 

In February 1980, urine samples were obtained from nine workers for mutagenicity testing by the Ames Salmonella test... 

Ames Salmonella tests for genotoxicity have not demonstrated mutagenic effects. However, use of brodifacoum concentrations of 50gmH in cultures of human lymphocytes did show mitotic activity, but no chromosomal aberrations. 

Genotoxicity studies (micronucleus tests for chromosome aberrations) in mammalian polychromatic erythrocytes and nonhuman mammalian cell culture were positive. Ames Salmonella tests for mutagenicity have been negative. 

No mutagenic activity was demonstrated in Ames Salmonella tests of ethylene glycol. 

Methoprene is not genotoxic based on negative results in the Ames Salmonella test, several other genotoxicity assays, and a dominant lethal study in rats. 

Mutagenicity studies in Syrian hamster embryos have been positive but Ames Salmonella tests have been negative. 

Studies of sister chromatid exchange have been positive, Ames Salmonella tests have been negative, mouse lymphoma tests have been negative, and Chinese hamster ovary assays have been negative for mutagenicity. 

Using the Ames Salmonella test, prometryn was not mutagenic when tested up to the cytotoxic solubility limits. Prometryn was negative for bacterial DNA repair and gene mutation in an unscheduled DNA synthesis test using rat hepatocytes. 

Ames Salmonella testing system. In Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens Report of the international collaborative program. Prog Mutat Res 1 298-301. 

Bacterial mutagenicity Ames Salmonella) test Gene mutations 471 870.5100... 

In summary, these studies have demonstrated the general utility of short-term tests to evaulate the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of environmental chemicals. It is now clear that to provide a comprehensive evaluation, it will be necessary to supplement such short-term in vitro asssays as the Ames Salmonella test and an in vitro assay for chromosome aberrations in mammalian cells in culture with short-term in vivo assays. At present, the best candidates for these in vivo assays are (1) the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, and (2) the assay for unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat liver cells. 

The soot from diesel engines and wood smoke carry mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitro derivatives.45 Some typical ones are shown in 15.1, the first being a potent mutagen in the Ames Salmonella test. Catalytic afterburners (containing platinum) are now required... 

Of all the short-term assays, the Ames Salmonella test is clearly the best validated and most widely used and will continue to be so for a number of years to come. The assay has an excellent record for identifying organic carcinogens, particularly carcinogens which are in the aromatic amine and polycyclic hydrocarbon classes. " In addition, positive results in the Ames assay and several other short-term mutagenesis assays, have been predictive of carcinogenic activity in rodent assays for a number of compounds with widespread human exposure. Examples of these include the food preservative furylfuramide AF-2 which was used extensively in Japan from 1965 to about 1977 the flame-retardant tris-B-P (tris[2,3-dibromopropyl]phosphate) which was used to treat children s sleepwear from 1972 to 1977 and aromatic amine components of hair dye preparations. 

Shah, R.G., and M.S. Netrawali. 1988. Evaluation of mutagenic activity of turmeric extract containing curcumin, before and after activation with mammalian cecal microbial extract of Uver microsomal fraction, in the Ames Salmonella test. Bull. Env. Contam. Toxicol. 40(3) 350-357. 

Mutagens frem the cocking of food II. Survey by Ames/ Salmonella test of mutagen formation in the major protein-... 

In our laboratory (Skiles and Felton, unpublished results), we have reacted 3H-IQ with Aroclor-induced rat liver microsomes and extracted the metabolites. These metabolites were then separated by normal phase HPLC and assessed for their mutagenicity. One metabolite representing less than 20% of the total metabolism was acid labile and direct acting (no requirement for S9 or microsomes) in the Ames/Salmonella test. Estimates for the specific activity of this compound are 1-3 X 10E6 revertants per ug, very similar to the figure calculated by Yamazoe et al. (1983) for N-hydroxy IQ. Identification of this metabolite plus at least two other polar metabolites is presently underway. 

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