American Society for Testing and Materials method

Water and steam sampling procedures should follow the American Society for Testing and Materials method, ASTM D-1066 British... 

Annual Book of American Society for Testing and Materials Methods" American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, 1977, ASTM II D1319-77. 

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) methods are proposed for testing because they embody the above principles. Use of ASTM procedures ensures that periodic peer review of the methods will maintain their validity, currency, and reproducibility. 

Detailed Sample Preparation and Measurement of Intrinsic Viscosity In order to obtain the intrinsic viscosity of a polymer in a dilute solution, different concentrations of a polymer in a solvent are prepared. A small amount of polymer is weighed and dissolved in a solvent during a few hours using a stirrer in order to improve the solubility of the polymer. It is recommended to prepare at least six different concentrations of a polymer in a solvent. The highest concentration could be in the order of 30 mg in 10 ml of solvent and the rest of the concentrations should be more dilute however, the concentrations will depend on the type of polymer. There are different ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) methods recommended to measure the intrinsic viscosity of different polymers. 

American Society for Testing and Materials Method, D1173-53, Philadelphia, 1953. Pauchek, M., Veber, V. Acta Fac. Pharm. Univ. Comenianae, 27(5), 27, 1975. 

As seen in Chapter 2, mixtures of hydrocarbons and petroleum fractions are analyzed in the laboratory using precise standards published by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and incorporated for the most part into international (ISO), European (EN) and national (NF) collections. We wiil recall below the methods utilizing a classification by boiling point ... 

Standard Methods of Evaluating the Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials, ASTM D1037-93, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa.,... 

One problem associated with discussing flame retardants is the lack of a clear, uniform definition of flammabiHty. Hence, no clear, uniform definition of decreased flammabiHty exists. The latest American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) compilation of fire tests Hsts over one hundred methods for assessing the flammabiHty of materials (2). These range in severity from small-scale measures of the ignitabiHty of a material to actual testing in a full-scale fire. Several of the most common tests used on plastics are summarized in Table 1. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 The ASTM MnnualBook ofMSTM Standards contains all up-to-date formally approved (ca 9000) ASTM standard specifications, test methods, classifications, definitions, practices, and related materials, eg, proposals. These are arranged in 15 sections plus an index volume as follows. 

Special Tests. Even though the American Society for Testing and Materials offers a wide range of test methods, there are other special tests that are imposed upon the manufacturer by consumers, the military, the U.S. Government, and ia some cases local or municipal governments. These tests are generally very specific and are oriented toward particular service conditions. In many iastances, the producers develop special tests within thek laboratories to solve customer problems or predict product or production performance. Many of these tests subsequentiy are adopted by ASTM. 

In 1903 an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee on Road and Paving Materials was formed to develop test methods and specifications for highway materials. Test methods for volatilization, penetration, and bitumen were developed by the Office of PubHc Roads and were... 

Portland cements are manufactured to comply with specifications estabUshed in each country (70). In the United States, several different specifications are used, including those of the American Society for Testing and Materials and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). The ASTM aimuaHy pubhshes test methods and standards (24), which are estabhshed on a consensus basis by its members which include consumers and producers. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F4 Committee on Medical Materials and Devices has developed specifications for chemical composition, mechanical properties, and other factors. Standard test methods also are available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia. The quaHty of castings is important for dental implants, and standards to define this would be useful. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) provide standard methods for determining properties that are important in characterization of dimer acids. Characterization of dimer acids for acid and saponification values, unsaponiftables, and specific gravity are done by AOCS standard methods ... 

Feed analyses in terms of component concentrations are usually not available for complex hydrocarbon mixtures with a final normal boihng point above about 38°C (100°F) (/i-pentane). One method of haudhug such a feed is to break it down into pseudo components (narrow-boihng fractions) and then estimate the mole fraction and value for each such component. Edmister [2nd. Eng. Chem., 47,1685 (1955)] and Maxwell (Data Book on Hydrocarbons, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1958) give charts that are useful for this estimation. Once values are available, the calculation proceeds as described above for multicomponent mixtures. Another approach to complex mixtures is to obtain an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or true-boihng point (TBP) cui ve for the mixture and then use empirical correlations to con-strucl the atmospheric-pressure eqiiihbrium-flash cui ve (EF 0, which can then be corrected to the desired operating pressure. A discussion of this method and the necessary charts are presented in a later subsection entitled Tetroleum and Complex-Mixture Distillation. ... 

Laboratory procedures for proximate and ultimate analyses are given in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards (Sec. 5, American Society for Testing and Materials, Conshohocken, Pa., 1994) and in Methods of Analyzing and Testing Coal and Coke (U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 638, 1967). 

Bloom, J. M. (ed.) 1983 Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Methods Applications for Structural Design and Maintenance. American Society for Testing and Materials. 

---