Foxtail Setaria

The common and troublesome weeds present in these six crops in the 13 Southern states (VA, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, TN, KY, AR, LA, TX and OK) are regularly surveyed by State Extension Weed Specialists. The most recent survey includes 59 weeds which are common or troublesome in these six field crops (6). Twenty weeds on that list have been implicated as being allelopathic (Table 1) eleven are among the 10 most common in at least one of the six major field crops in the Southern states. Ten of these 11 weeds are considered to be among the 10 most troublesome, usually for the same crop in which it was found to be common. There is one weed [bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] that is on the most troublesome list for cotton and tobacco, but not on any most common list. Similarly, giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) is a common weed in tobacco, but apparently not a troublesome one. 

Giant foxtail Setaria faberi Herrm. tobacco - corn (12) ... 

Perennial plant, Rubus frondosus Giant foxtail, Setaria faberii Earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus Bluegrass, Poa spp. 

Common millet Panicum miliaceum L., barnyard grass E. crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv., redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus L. 

Giant foxtail Setaria faberi R. Herrm., wimmera ryegrass Lolium rigidum Gaud. 

Pigweed Amaranthus spp., foxtail Setaria spp., velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Medikus Carpetweed Mollugo verticillata L., common... 

Hemp sesbania Sesbania exalta (Raf.) Cory, hairy nightshade Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner), longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fern., Kochia Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad., shepherd s-purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.), green foxtail Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. 

Sridhar, R. and Lakshminarayana, G. (1994). Contents of total lipids and lipid classes and composition of fatty acids in small millets Foxtail (Setaria italica), Proso (Panicum mili-aceum), and finger (Eleusine coracana). Cereal Chem. 71, 355-359. 

Buhler, D.D. and T.C. Mester (1991). Effect of tillage systems on the emergence depth of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and green foxtail (,Setaria viridis). Weed Sci., 39 200-203. 

Schreiber, M.B. (1992). Influence of tillage crop rotation, and weed management on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) population dynamics and com yield. Weed Sci., 40 645-653. 

Test Plants. Seeds of the grass Giant Foxtail (Setaria sp.) and the broadleaf Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) were planted in a mixed soil (7) and bottom-watered until emergence occurred. Top watering was then used for the rest of the test. 

Weed was primarily green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.]... 

EPTC was repositioned in the marketplace as an annual grass herbicide in 1985, a rotational statement was added to prevent the repeated annual use of EPTC, and shattercane control claims were removed from the label. EPTC was targeted specifically for foxtail (Setaria spp.) and annual broadleaf weed control in the north where cool and wet soils prevail in the spring. EPTC has been a very successful product, provided excellent weed control, and increased in market share every year since its reintroduction as an annual grass and broadleaf herbicide. The other commercial carbamothioate herbicides, EPTC + dietholate and butylate, were positioned as difficult to control weed and southern corn belt herbicides, respectively. No rotational statements have been added to the EPTC + dietholate and butylate labels. 

Tests established in fields with previous applications of EPTC + dietholate have demonstrated that the repeated use of EPTC + dietholate provided only 78, 40, and 80% of wild proso millet, woolly cupgrass [Eriochloa villosa (Thumb.) Kunth], or green foxtail Setaria viridis L.), respectively] (Table VII). Two other trials with EPTC + dietholate have confirmed that second year use at 6.7 kg ai/ha provided only 56 to 70% wild proso millet control at 42 DAT (Table VIII). These results agree with observations reported in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin (7,31-33). 

Heinerman lists some other medicinal plants that are allelopathic and may prove to be anticancer agents. These include hackberry (Ailanthus altissima), giant foxtail Setaria faberii), wormwood Artemisia absinthum), black locust (Robinia... 

The first examples of the new herbicidal dass of sulfonylaminocarbonyl-triazolinones (SACTs) were reported in 1989 [1]. Following intensive chemical optimization two representatives were developed and commerdalized for selective weed control in cereals. In 2000, flucarbazone-sodium (1) was introduced in the Canadian market under the trade name Everest for the control of wild oats Avenafatua) and green foxtail Setaria viridis) in spring wheat Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) (Fig. 2.6.1). 

Green, J. M., and Hale, T., Effect of Adjuvant Type on the Control of Yellow Foxtail (Setaria Glauca) with Nicosulfuron, Proceedings Weed Science Society of America, 43 58,2003. 

Hamburg and McCall have examined the factors affecting the rate of cuticle penetration of yellow foxtail [Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] by a series of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. They selected this family... 

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