Amaranthus

Cai, Y. et al.. Characterization and quantification of betacyanin pigments from diverse Amaranthus species, J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 2063, 1998. 

Cai, YZ. and Corke, H., lYoduction and properties of spray-dried Amaranthus betacyanin pigments, J. Food Sci., 65, 1248, 2000. 

Oleszek, W., Junkuszew, M., and Stochmal, A., Determination and toxicity of saponins from Amaranthus emeritus seeds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 3685, 1999. Schliemaim, W. et al., Betalains of Celosia argentea. Phytochemistry, 58, 159, 2001. Stintzing, F.C., Schieber, A., and Carle, R., Amino acid composition and betaxanthin formation in fruits from Opuntia ficus-indica, Planta Med., 65, 632, 1999. 

Cai, Y.Z. and Corke, H., Amaranthus betacyanin pigments applied in model food systems, J. Food ScL, 64, 869, 1999. 

Stintzing, RC. et al., Betacyanins and phenolic compounds from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhavia erecta L., Ztschr. Naturforsch. C/J. Biosci., 59, 1, 2004. 

Colomas, J., Separation des pigments betalaiques par une methode fondee sur la chromatographie sur gel de Sephadex appliquee a des plantules d Amaranthus cau-datus L. war. pendula, Ztschr. PflanzenphysioL, 85, 227, 1977. 

Pigweeds Amaranthus spp. corn, cotton peanuts, sorghum soybeans, tobacco corn, sorghum soybeans, tobacco soybeans, corn CD... 

Glycine max hypocotyls Nicotiana tobacum plants Helianthus annuus plants Sorghum vulgare seedlings Brassica rapa seedlings Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit Euphorbia pulcherrima bracts Amaranthus tricolor seedlings Oryza sativa leaves... 

In a search for allelopathic agents from common weeds, Amaranthus palmerl S. Wats (Palmer amaranth) and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Louisiana annual ragweed) have been analysed for their organic natural products. From A. palmerl phytol, chondrlllasterol, vanillin, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxynitrobenzene and 2,6-dimethoxy- benzoquinone were isolated. From the roots of Ambrosia artemisiifolia four polyacetylenes, a mixture of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, methyl caffeate, and a mixture of 8-sitosterol and stlgmasterol were obtained. 

Amaranthus palmerl S. Wats., commonly referred to as Palmer amaranth, is a common weed belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. 

Extractions and Chemical Analyses of Amaranthus palmerl S. Wats (Amaranthaceae). The plant material for the chemical studies was supplied by Dr. R. M. Menges, USDA, Weslaco, TX. The air-dried aerial parts (518 g) were extracted at ambient temperature with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (CI Clj) and methanol (MeOH) and the solvents were evaporated In vacuo providing 4.5 g, 4.7 g and 12.lg crude extracts, respectively. Samples of the crude extracts were tested by Dr. J. M. Bradow for germination regulation activity and the biological data are described in her paper. 

Members of the family Amaranthaceae are known to produce ecdysteroids such as 8-ecdysone (19) and inocosterone (20). From petroleum ether extracts of Amaranthus splnosus Linn. Behari and Andhiwal (21) obtained 8-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (3), campesterol and cholesterol. From the roots of the same species, Banerji (22) isolated two new saponins, a diglucoside and a triglucoside of o-spinasterol. More recently, Roy et al. (23)... 

The following chemicals were obtained commercially (Sigma Chemical Co.) and bioassayed with C. album and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (seeds collected in North Carolina in 1980) following identification DL-3-hydroxybutyric acid (DL-3-hydroxy-butyric acid as a Na salt) and L-3-phenyllactic acid (L-2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propanoic acid). 

Germination Regulation by Amaranthus palmeri and Ambrosia artemisiifolia... 

Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats., Palmer amaranth, is a coarse, weedy, drought-resistant, dioecious member of the Amaranthaceae and is related to A. retroflexus L., redroot pigweed, and the ornamentals k. tricolor L., sumner poinsettia, and /. caudatus L., love-lies-bleeding. Palmer amaranth was used by natives of the North American desert as a protein source and cereal to supplement maize and beans. Another member of the same family, A. spinosus L., spiny amaranth, has been reported to exhibit allelopathic activity toward coffee... 

Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. 25 Dicot Palmer Amaranth... 

Table II. Effects of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) Extracts on Seed Germination... 

Table V. Time-Course Study of Effects of Chondrillasterol on Seed Germination in Amaranthus Species...

Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N and Datta A. 2000. Increased nutritive value of transgenic potato by expressing a nonallergenic seed albumin gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 3724-3729. 

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