Alveolar macrophage function

R. J. Gonzalez-Rothi, J. Cacace, L. Straub, and H. Schreier, Liposomes and pulmonary alveolar macrophages functional and morphological interactions, Exp. Lung Res. 17 6X1 (1991). 

Goel, V., Chang, C., Slama, J., Barton, R., Bauer, R., Gahler, R., and Basu, T. 2002. Atkylamides of Echinacea purpurea stimulate alveolar macrophage function in normal rats. Int. Immunophar-macol. 2, 381-387. 

Lung infections with viruses suppress the bacterial clearing activity of the lung by impairing alveolar macrophage function and mucocihary clearance, thus setting the stage for secondary bacterial pneumonia. 

Hunninghake, GW Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Iowa City, lA Regulation of alveolar macrophage function VA... 

Goel V, Chang C, Slama JV, et al. Alkylamides of Echinacea purpurea stimulate alveolar macrophage function in normal rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2002 2 381-387. 

Baldwin GC, Tashkin DP, Buckley DM, Park AN, Dubinett SM, Roth MD (1997) Marijuana and cocaine impair alveolar macrophage function and cytokine production. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156 1606-161.3... 

Aesalane K, Aerts C, Waliaert B, Voisin C and Hildebrand HF (1992) Effects of nickel hydroxy-carbonate on alveolar macrophage functions. J Appl Toxicol 12 285 - 290. 

Infection risk A 56-year-old woman with underlying COPD, a past cigarette smoker and current cannabis smoker, had multiple pulmonary nodules seen in a routine chest X-ray [19 ]. Biopsy of the nodules showed cavitary lesions and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Aspergillus can be found in samples of marijuana and chronic cannabis use probably predisposed her, perhaps owing to impairment in mucociliary activity and alveolar macrophages function. While prior reports of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis have been documented in immunocompromised individuals who use cannabis, she was not immunocompromised. 

Chen LC, Fine JM, Qu QS, Amdur MO, Gordon T. Effects of fine and ultrafine sulfuric acid aerosols in guinea pigs alterations in alveolar macrophage function and intracellular pH. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992 113 109-117. 

Altered mucociliary clearance Epithelial injury Increased bacterial adherence Altered alveolar macrophage function Reflex bronchoconstriction Increased airway inflammation Increased particle deposition Increased susceptibility to viral infection... 

McGee M. P., Li L. C. Functional difference between intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Kinetics of factor X activation on human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. J Biol Chem 1991 266,8079-85. 

Alterations in alveolar macrophages impaired cellular function... 

Pendino, K.J. et al., Induction of functionally active platelet activating factor receptors in rat alveolar macrophages, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 19165, 1993. 

Ex vivo studies have revealed that trichothecenes can both inhibit and stimulate leukocyte function.12 For example, trichothecenes are toxic to alveolar macrophages,13 but drive differentiation of human myeloid leukemic cells.14 Dose-dependent decreases or increases in B- and T-cell mitogen responses are observable in lymphocytes from animals exposed to T-2 toxin, DON, or various macrocyclic trichothecenes these toxins similarly impair or enhance mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.12 Rank order of inhibitor potency in rodent and human lymphocyte proliferation assays is Type D > Type A group > Type B group and is dependent on degree of acylation as well as of uptake and metabolism. 

An increase in lung lesions, as compared to controls, was observed in rats exposed to 0.7 mg nickel/m as nickel subsulfide for 78 weeks (6 hours/day, 5 days/week), followed by a 30-week observation period (Ottolenghi et al. 1974). The lung lesions included pneumonitis, atelectasis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and emphysema. Morphological alterations in alveolar macrophages (hyperplasia and lamellated material in the cytoplasm) were associated with impaired cellular function in rabbits exposed to 0.2 mg nickel/m as metallic nickel or nickel chloride for 8 months (Johansson and Camner 1986 Johansson et al. 1981). An increase in volume density of alveolar type II cells was also observed in rabbits exposed to 0.2 mg nickel/m as metallic nickel or nickel chloride for 1 month (Johansson and Camner 1986 Johansson et al. 1981). 

Johansson A, Camner P, Jarstrand C, et al. 1980. Morphology and function of alveolar macrophages after long-term nickel exposure. Environ Res 23 170-180. 

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