Safety aluminum metal

Handling and Safety Factors. Oxygen difluoride can be handled easily and safely in glass and in common metals such as stainless steel, copper, aluminum. Monel, and nickel, from cryogenic temperatures to 200°C (4). At higher temperatures only nickel and Monel are recommended. The compatibihty of OF2 with process equipment depends largely on the cleanliness of the equipment contaminants such as dkt, moisture, oil, grease, scale... 

The combination of toxic hazard and high price (itself in part due to the extra measures needed in production processes to ensure the workers safety) has been an effective brake on commercial development of beryllium chemistry. Where possible substitute, albeit less effective, materials are often used titanium as an alternate lightweight metal or carbon fiber composites, phosphor-bronzes in place of beryllium alloys, aluminum nitride in place of BeO (1). 

This material has gradually replaced potassium chlorate (KCIO 3) as the principal oxidizer in civilian pyrotechnics. Its safety record is far superior to that of potassium chlorate, although caution - including static protection - must stiU be used. Perchlorate mixtures, especially with a metal fuel such as aluminum, can have explosive properties, especially when present in bulk quantities and when confined. 

Numerous other types of cells exist such as zinc-air, aluminum-air, sodium sulfur, and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH). Companies are on a continual quest to develop cells for better batteries for a wide range of applications. Each battery must be evaluated with respect to its intended use and such factors as size, cost, safety, shelf-life, charging characteristics, and voltage. As the twenty-first century unfolds, cells seem to be playing an ever-increasing role in society. Much of this is due to advances in the consumer electronics and the computer industry, but there have also been demands in numerous other areas. These include battery-powered tools, remote data collection, transportation (electric vehicles), and medicine. 

Initially metallic pigments were mainly supplied as powders for reasons mentioned earlier (Fig. 14.14). In particular, for aluminum powder, with its high affinity for oxygen, safety became a major safety issue. 

Due to its chemical properties, aluminum reacts in aqueous systems, especially in alkaline or acidic media, to yield hydrogen gas. In the case of aluminum pigmented waterborne coatings, this would not only be a safety risk, but would also destroy the metallic effect [5.182]. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 9 Label CLASS 9 (NA 9260) DOT Class 4.1 Label Flammable SoUd (UN 1309) DOT Class 4.3 Label Dangerous When Wet (UN 1396) SAFETY PROFILE Although aluminum is not generally regarded as an industrial poison, inhalation of finely divided powder has been reported to cause pulmonary fibrosis. It is a reactive metal and the... 

ACGIH TLV TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 DOT CLASSIFICATION 4.3 Label Dangerous When Wet SAFETY PROFILE Hydrides of some metals (such as ASH3) are extremely toxic. Dangerous fire hazard. An unstable material which is spontaneously flammable in air or O2. Evolves explosive H2 upon contact with moisture. Severe explosion hazard by chemical reacdon wherein H2 gas is produced, also in contact with methyl ethers contaminated by CO2. Mixtures with tetrazole derivadves are explosive. Reacts with oxidizing materials. On contact with acid or acid fumes, it can emit toxic fumes. See also HYDRIDES and ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS. 

SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed carcinogen with carcinogenic data reported. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. A skin irritant. Human mutation data reported. Animal experiments suggest somewhat lower toxicity than for related epoxy compounds. Readily absorbed through the skin. Causes nervous excitation followed by depression. Explodes when heated or in the presence of strong acids, bases, metals (e.g., copper, zinc), and metal salts (e.g., aluminum chloride, iron(III) chloride, tin(TV) chloride). When heated to... 

SAFETY PROFILE A highly corrosive irritant to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Mildly toxic by inhalation, Explosive reaction with alcohols + hydrogen cyanide, potassium permanganate, sodium (with aqueous HCl), tetraselenium tetranitride. Ignition on contact with aluminum-titanium alloys (with HCl vapor), fluorine, hexa-lithium disilicide, metal acetylides or carbides (e.g., cesium acetylide, rubidium ace-tylide). Violent reaction with 1,1-difluoro-ethylene. Vigorous reaction with aluminum, chlorine + dinitroanilines (evolves gas). Potentially dangerous reaction with sulfuric acid releases HCl gas. Adsorption of the acid onto silicon dioxide is exothermic. See also HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (AEROSOL) and HYDROCHLORIC ACID. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE A poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by skin contact. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Moderately explosive when exposed to heat. Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Dangerous reactions with metals e.g., sodium (mixture explodes on impact), potassium (explodes on contact), aluminum (ignition after a delay period). Reacts violently with A1 foil. CdS. PbS. organic matter. P. PCI3. rubber. Ag2S. ZnS. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of CL and I and may explode. See also IODINE and CHLORIDES. 

---