Nervous excitation

Walsh, G. 1995. Nervous excitement over neurotrophic factors. Bio/Technology 13, 1167-1171. 

Cowslip has sedative, antispasmodic, hypnotic, mild diuretic, expectorant, and mild aperient properties. It is used to treat insomnia, nervous excitability, hysteria, and particularly anxiety states associated with restlessness and irritability. 

Today, valerian is used for treating insomnia. It is known to have sedative, mild anodyne, hypnotic, antispasmodic, carminative, and hypotensive properties. Traditionally, it has been used for the treatment of fatigue, seizures, hysterical states, excitability, insomnia, hypochondriasis, migraine, cramp, intestinal colic, rheumatic pains, dysmenorrhea, and specifically for conditions producing nervous excitability. 

Bass, L. Moore, W. J. A model of nervous excitation based on the Wien dissociation effect. In "Structural Chemistry and Molecular Biology" A. Rich C. M. Davidson, Eds. Freeman ... 

Although it was only a model, the idea of kindling superficially appeared to provide a disease-specific justification for the use of anticonvulsants in manic depression. It also opened up the possibility of defining a sort of drug that would reduce emotional reactivity, in the same way that anticonvulsants are believed to reduce the brain s nervous excitability. In this sense kindling gave birth to the notion of a mood stabiliser. However as David Healy has pointed out, it was not until Abbott laboratories started to research and market sodium valproate for manic depression that the idea of a mood stabiliser really took root (Healy 2006). 

SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed carcinogen with carcinogenic data reported. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. A skin irritant. Human mutation data reported. Animal experiments suggest somewhat lower toxicity than for related epoxy compounds. Readily absorbed through the skin. Causes nervous excitation followed by depression. Explodes when heated or in the presence of strong acids, bases, metals (e.g., copper, zinc), and metal salts (e.g., aluminum chloride, iron(III) chloride, tin(TV) chloride). When heated to... 

Adverse effects can include dizziness, headache, nervousness, excitement, nausea, tachycardia and drowsiness. 

Table 1 shows that 39 species were indicated for uses with apparent anxiolytic effect/action. The main uses described in literature seem synonymous - as a tranquilizer, as a tranquilizer for children, for anxiety, a tranquilizer for nerves, for nervous excitation, nervous disturbances, to... 

Erythrina corallodendron L, -mulungu As tranquilizer for nervous excitement Bark Afro-Brazilians [44] No phytochemical data ... 

The effects against nervous excitation caused by the action of alkaloids and of some species of Erythrina spp. in baths have not yet been studied from the scientific point of view, but both the Afro-Brazilians and the Indians of the Amazon region resort to them [44]. 

The German E Commission has approved St. John s wort for internal consumption for psychogenic disturbances, depressive states, sleep disorders, and anxiety and nervous excitement, particularly that associated with menopause. Oily Hypericum preparations are approved for stomach and gastrointestinal complaints, including diarrhea. Oily Hypericum preparations are also approved by the Commission E for external use for the treatment of incised and contused wounds, muscle aches, and first degree burns (96). 

Caffeine intoxication is the only official diagnosis associated with caffeinism in the DSM-IV-TR. Caffeine-induced anxiety may manifest as restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, diuresis, flushing, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitching, irritability, and jitteriness. If caffeine-induced insomnia requires specific treatment, caffeine-induced sleep disorder (DSM-IV-TR) is an appropriate diagnosis." ... 

Because altered sodium channels have been implicated in kdr and kdr-like resistance phenomena in insects, basic research on the biochemistry and molecular biology of this molecule, which plays a central role in normal processes of nervous excitation in animals, is of immediate relevance. The results of recent investigations of the voltage-sensitive sodium channels of vertebrate nerves and muscles have provided unprecedented insight into the structure of this large and complex membrane macromolecule. Sodium channel components from electric eel electroplax, mammalian brain, and mammalian skeletal muscle have been solubilized and purified (for a recent review, see Ref. 19). A large a subunit (ca. 2 60 kDa) is a common feature of all purified channels in addition, there is evidence for two smaller subunits ( Jl and J2 37-39 kDa) associated with the mammalian brain sodium channel and for one or two smaller subunits of similar size associated with muscle sodium channels. Reconstitution experiments with rat brain channel components show that incorporation of the a and pi subunits into phospholipid membranes in the presence of brain lipids or brain phosphatidylethanolamine is sufficient to produce all of the functional properties of sodium channels in native membranes (AA). Similar results have been obtained with purified rabbit muscle (45) and eel electroplax (AS.) sodium channels. 

A lack of neurotoxicity from copper ingestion contrasts the psychiatric picture of Wilson s disease. Inhalation of copper particles by inhalant abusers who sniff metallic paint results in pulmonary deposits of copper but no apparent neurotoxicity (Wilde 1975). Acute poisoning causes nervous excitation followed by depression, but no other central nervous system symptoms appear, even after massive ingestions (Gosselin et al. 1984 Yelin et al. 1987). The same lack of neurotoxicity applies to chronic exposures (Gosselin et al. 1984). 

If there is nervous excitability, add Rhizoma Ligustici Wallichii (Chuan Xiong) and Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis (Gou Teng). 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract cough dizziness labored breathing lung edema effects on central nervous system lowering of consciousness abdominal pain nervous excitation depression. 

Zhang Wenjie et al s test showed that immediately after ss was added to the community, the spontaneous pulsation cardiac cells in it contract-ed and action potential was inhibited. If ss was washed off with routine medium and calcium concentration outside cells was increased with calcium passage excitant—adrenalin, contraction of cardiac cells and inhibition of action potential all reversed. Thus ss could block calcium passage.(lO) The studies showed that calcium antagonist could postpone or inhibit artery atheromatous sclerosis(ll), thus it could treat this disease.Because calcium passages distribute all the tissue of the body and relate to nervous excitement, muscle contraction, glandular secretion etc., ss may have other utilization value. 

Overdose of coffee may result in restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, frequent urination, stomach ache, nausea, tremors, talkativeness, periods of inexhaustibility, and irritability (Hughes et al. 1991). 

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