Allergy occupational causes

Prolonged contact with certain chromium compounds may produce allergic reactions and dermatitis in some individuals (114). The initial response is usually caused by exposure to Cr(VI) compounds, but once the allergy is estabUshed, it is extended to the trivalent compounds (111,115). There is also limited evidence of possible chromium associated occupational asthma, but there is insufficient data to estimate a dose for assumed chromium-induced asthma. Reference 116 provides a summary and discussion of chromium hypersensitivity. 

Power of Six Powder Paints to Cause Irritations and Allergies of the Skin INRS, Dept, of Occupational Pathology, France, May 1979. 

In addition to the proteins discussed above, a large number of reactive chemicals used in industry can cause asthma and rhinitis. Hypersensitivity pneumonias have also been described. Isocyanates and acid anhydrides are industrial chemicals that cause occupational asthma. Acid anhydrides, such as phthalic anhydride, seem to cause mainly type I reactions, whereas the IgE-mediated mechanism explains only a part of the sensitizations to isocyanates. Several mechanisms have been suggested, but despite intensive research no models have been generally accepted. The situation is even more obscure for other sensitizing chemicals therefore, the term specific chemical hypersensitivity is often used for chemical allergies. This term should not be confused with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) syndrome, which is a controversial term referring to hypersusceptibility to very low levels of environmental chemicals. ... 

Immunoenhancement, which, as adverse effect, may lead to immune-mediated diseases such as hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune diseases. Hypersensitivity reactions are the result of normally beneficial immune responses acting inappropriately, causing inflammatory reactions and tissue damage. The two most frequent manifestation of chemical-induced allergy are contact hypersensitivity and respiratory sensitization, both of which can have a serious impact on quality of life and represent a common occupational health problem. Hypersensitivity reactions are often considered to be increased at such a rate to become a major health problem in relation to environmental chemical exposure. 

Dearman, R J. et al., Differential ability of occupational chemical contact and respiratory allergens to cause immediate and delayed dermal hypersensitivity reactions in mice. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 97, 315, 1992. 

Bernaola, G., Echechipia, S., Urrutia, I., Fernandez, E., Audicana, M., and Fernandez de Corres, L. (1994). Occupational asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis from inhalation of dried cow s milk caused by sensitization to alpha-lactalbumin. Allergy 49,189-191. 

Rossi, G. L., Corsico, A., and Moscato, G. (1994). Occupational asthma cause by milk proteins Report on a case. /. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 93, 799-801. 

Seuri, M., Taivanen, A., Ruoppi, P., and Tukiainen, H. (1993). Three cases of occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by garlic. Clin. Exp. Allergy 23,1011-1014. 

Vandenplas, O., Depelchin, S., Toussaint, G., Delwiche, J. P., Vande Weyer, R., and Saint-Remy, J. M. (1996). Occupational asthma caused by sarsaparilla root dust /. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 97, 1416-1418. 

Chan-Yeung M, et al Follow-up study of 2 32 patients with occupational asthma caused by Western red cedar (Thuja plicata). J Allergy Clin Immunoll9 792-796, 1987... 

Desjardins, A., Male, J. L., L Archeveque, J., Cartier, A., McCants, M., and Lehrer, S. B. (1995). Occupational IgE-mediated sensitization and asthma caused by clam and shrimp. /. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 96, 608-617. 

Svensson. Olive oil as a cause of contact allergy in patients with venous eczema, and occupationally. Contact Dermatitis 1990 23(2) 73-76. 

Vandenplas 0, Cartier A, Lesage J, et al. 1993. Prepolymers of hexamethylene diisoeyanate as a cause of occupational asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 91(4) 850-861. 

Lagier F, Cartier A, Somer J, Dolovich J, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by guar gum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990 85(4) 785-90. 

There is evidence that both occupational and environmental exposures to chemicals (both proteins and haptens) can result in the induction or exacerbation of respiratory allergies (Table 19.6). Of particular concern is the induction of allergic asthma. In sensitized asthmatic individuals the antigen challenge generally causes a type I (IgE-mediated) immediate hypersensitivity response with release of mediators responsible for bronchoconstriction. Between 2 and 8 hours after the immediate response, asthmatics experience a more severe and prolonged (late phase) reaction that is characterized by mucus hypersecretion, bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of nonspecific stimuli (e.g., histamine, methacholine), and airway inflammation characterized by eosinophils. This later response is not mediated by IgE. 

Lopata, A.L., Fenemore, B., Jeebhay, M.F., Gade, G., Potter, P.C. 2005. Occupational allergy in laboratory workers caused by the African migratory grasshopper Locusta migratoria. Allergy 60(2) 200-205. 

Quirce, S., Polo, F., Figueredo, E., Gonzalez, R., Sastre, J. 2000. Occupational asthma caused by soybean flour in bakers—Differences with soybean-induced epidemic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 30 839-846. 

Lemiere, C., Cartier, A., Lehrer, S.B., and Malo, H. 1996. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 51 647-649. 

Besides respiratory allergies with hay-fever-like symptoms and asthma in atopic individuals, continuous occupational basidiospore exposure may result in hypersensitivity pneumonitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The basidiomycetes Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Merulius lacrymans have all been shown to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis from occupational exposure [26-28]. Actinomycetes in the compost used to grow button mushroom... 

Subiza J, Subiza JL, ELscribano PM, Hinojosa M, Garcia R, Jerez M, Subiza E. Occupational asthma caused by Brazil ginseng dust. J Allergy Chn Immunol 1991 88(5) 731-6. 

San-Juan S, Garces M, Caballero ML, Monzon S, Moneo I. Occupational asthma caused by shark cartilage dust. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 114(5) 1227-8. 

Kiistala R, Makinen-Kiljunen S, Heikkinen K, Rinne J, Haahtela T. Occupational allergic rhinitis and contact urticaria caused by bishop s weed Ammi majus). Allergy 1999 54(6) 635-9. 

Ouirce S, Tabar AI, Olaguibel JM, Cuevas M. Occupational contact urticaria syndrome caused by globe artichoke Cynara scolymus). J Allergy Chn Immunol 1996 97(2) 710-11. 

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