Glucose monohydrate

Sterile agar slants are prepared using the Streptomyces sporulation medium of Hickey and Tresner, J. Bact., vol. 64, pages 891-892 (1952). Four of these slants are inoculated with lyophilized spores of Streptomyces antibioticus NRRL 3238, incubated at 28°C for 7 days or until aerial spore growth is well-advanced, and then stored at 5°C. The spores from the four slants are suspended in 40 ml of 0.1% sterile sodium heptadecyl sulfate solution. A nutrient medium having the following composition is then prepared 2.0% glucose monohydrate 1.0% soybean meal, solvent extracted, 44% protein 0.5% animal peptone (Wilson s protopeptone 159) 0.2% ammonium chloride 0.5% sodium chloride 0.25% calcium carbonate and water to make 100%. 

In the production of 2, strains with entA - mutation have long-term stability and production rates are high. Typical cultivation of 2,3-trans-CHD 2 is performed at pH 6.8 and 37 °C in a stirred-tank reactor with glucose feeding in a fed-batch mode. Microbial production over a process time of 40 h affords 92 g 2 from 690 g glucose monohydrate in a 20-L cultivation experiment. This corresponds to a molar yield of 17% [13]. Advantageously, 2,3-trans-CHD 2 is the major product with no... 

The hydrophilic part of the alkyl polyglucoside is derived from a carbohydrate source, and raw material costs increase in the order starch/glucose syrup/glucose monohydrate/water free glucose while plant equipment requirements and hence cost decrease in the same order. 

GLLTCMH. a-D-Glucose monohydrate (CgH Og, H20). Killean RCG, Ferrier WG, Young DW (1962) Acta Crystallogr 15 911... 

SOPROS. 0-yJ-D-Glucosyl-l(l-2)-o-D-glucose monohydrate sophorose monohydrate (C H On, H20). Ohanessian J, Longchambon F, Arene F (1978) Acta Crystallogr, Sect B 34 3666... 

Ordinary commercial glucose monohydrate (Cerelose, Clin-tose, etc.) was used. 

In a 1-1. round-bottomed flask are placed 66 g. (0.33 mole) of acetic anhydride (280 cc., 2.81 moles). To this mixture three small drops of concentrated sulfuric acid are added from a medicine dropper (Note 2). The glucose is kept in partial suspension by shaking the flask with a swirling motion the reaction starts almost immediately. If the temperature of the mixture approaches the boiling point, the flask is momentarily immersed in a pan of cold water. Within ten to fifteen minutes nearly all the glucose will have dissolved and the temperature of the reaction mixture will ha ve risen nearly to 100°. The flask is loosely stoppered and is healed on a steam bath for two hours. Then about 200 cc. of mixed acetic acid and acetic anhydride is removed by distillation under reduced pressure (Note 3). 

SCHEME I.—Material Balance in the Crystallization of a -D-Glucose Monohydrate. (The numbers are mass units.)... 

The a-D-glucose monohydrate crystals recovered from the crystallizer liquors are washed with cold water in a centrifuge in order to remove residual mother-liquor (greens) from crystal surfaces. The mass of wet crystals, containing 12 to 13% of water (the theoretical value for the monohydrate is 9.1%), is conveyed to a hot-air dryer, where the moisture is lowered to — 8.5%. The crystals are then sieved, in order to afford products of specified granulation, and stored in bins from which railway cars and trucks can be filled. 

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