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Aliphatic-aromatic mixture

The solvent extracts can be cleaned up by traditional column chromatography or by solid-phase extraction cartridges. This is a common cleanup method that is widely used in biological, clinical, and environmental sample preparation. More details are presented in Chapter 2. Some examples include the cleanup of pesticide residues and chlorinated hydrocarbons, the separation of nitrogen compounds from hydrocarbons, the separation of aromatic compounds from an aliphatic-aromatic mixture, and similar applications for use with fats, oils, and waxes. This approach provides efficient cleanup of steroids, esters, ketones, glycerides, alkaloids, and carbohydrates as well. Cations, anions, metals, and inorganic compounds are also candidates for this method [7],... [Pg.24]

C4-Fraction Pyrolisis benzene, reforming products and other aliphatic/ aromatic mixtures (aromatic substance production [2.32]) Furfurol, dimethyl formamide N-methyl pyrolidine iV-methyl pyrolidine (NMP) (Distapex- process, Lurgi [2.33]) yV-formyl morpholine (NFM) (Morphylane-process), Morphylex process including a combination of extractive rectification and liquid-liquid extraction, Krupp-Koppers [2.34]... [Pg.128]

The favourable partitioning of the desired solute between the rafiSnate and the extract phases is dependant on the relative affinities (physical interactions) of the solute species for the two phases. This is expressed through a ratio of the distribution coefficients for the separation of an aliphatic-aromatic mixture, partitioning between two phases, known as the selectivity (5) [22], as defined below ... [Pg.90]

Higher octane aromatic fuels Aliphatic-aromatic mixtures Glycols, sulfolane Demand affected by legislation... [Pg.405]

Chlorolysis of the corresponding disulfanes is a favorable procedure for the preparation of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic sulfenyl chlorides under not too demanding conditions [low temperature mild chlorinating agents, such as SO2CI2 14) or CH3SCI3 (15)]. Perfluorinated sulfenyl chlorides can also be prepared by this procedure in special cases a mixture of CF3SSCF3 and chlorine reacts in a Pyrex Carius tube imder UV irradiation to form sulfenyl chloride in an equilibrium reaction 84) ... [Pg.150]

The separation of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes) from mefhane to n-decane aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is challenging since the boiling points of fhese hydrocarbons are in a close... [Pg.46]

The aliphatic-aromatic poly(ester)s discussed above are prepared from butanediol and a mixture of adipic acid and terephthalic acid. Blending can be performed on twin-screw extruder equipped with a medium shear mixing screw. [Pg.198]

Chlorinated polyphenyl used for gases may be carcinogenic Complex mixture of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds... [Pg.27]

Fig. 14 Aliphatic/aromatic region of NOESY spectrum of a mixture of tubulin, EpoA, and bac-catin III with concentrations of 12 pM, 0.6 mM, and 0.6 mM, respectively. The spectrum was acquired on a 900-MHz spectrometer equipped with a cryoprobe with a mixing time of 70 ms. The blue and green peaks are intramolecular transferred NOE peaks of EpoA and baccatin, respectively. The red peaks represent the interligand transferred NOEs mediated by the protein protons. The numbering of the atoms corresponds to that shown in the compound structures for EpoA (E) and baccatin (B). B-m, B-o, and B-p indicate the protons in the meta, ortho, and para positions of the benzene ring of baccatin, respectively. (Reprinted with permission from [75]. Copyright 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim)... Fig. 14 Aliphatic/aromatic region of NOESY spectrum of a mixture of tubulin, EpoA, and bac-catin III with concentrations of 12 pM, 0.6 mM, and 0.6 mM, respectively. The spectrum was acquired on a 900-MHz spectrometer equipped with a cryoprobe with a mixing time of 70 ms. The blue and green peaks are intramolecular transferred NOE peaks of EpoA and baccatin, respectively. The red peaks represent the interligand transferred NOEs mediated by the protein protons. The numbering of the atoms corresponds to that shown in the compound structures for EpoA (E) and baccatin (B). B-m, B-o, and B-p indicate the protons in the meta, ortho, and para positions of the benzene ring of baccatin, respectively. (Reprinted with permission from [75]. Copyright 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim)...
The resulting alkyl or aryl diethyl phosphates were selectively detected at the 10-25 ng level with the P-mode FPD. Similarly, Jacob et al (36) used dimethyl thiophosphinic chloride in the presence of excess triethylamine to convert primary aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic amines to the corresponding N-dimethyl-thiophosphinic amides. The excess reagent was easily removed by treating the reaction mixture with methanol-sodium hydrogen car-... [Pg.241]

Prins summarizes advances in understanding of the reactions in catalytic hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), which is important in hydroprocessing of fossil fuels. Hydroprocessing is the largest application in industrial catalysis based on the amount of material processed. The chapter addresses the structures of the oxide precursors and the active sulfided forms of catalysts such as Ni-promoted Mo or W on alumina as well as the catalytically active sites. Reaction networks, kinetics, and mechanisms (particularly of C-N bond rupture) in HDN of aliphatic, aromatic, and polycyclic compounds are considered, with an evaluation of the effects of competitive adsorption in mixtures. Phosphate and fluorine promotion enhance the HDN activity of catalysts explanations for the effect of phosphate are summarized, but the function of fluorine remains to be understood. An account of HDN on various metal sulfides and on metals, metal carbides, and metal nitrides concludes this chapter. [Pg.489]

The reaction of sulphides with (dichloroiodo)benzene can lead to several kinds of products depending on the substrate and the reaction conditions [19]. Sulphides of great structural diversity (aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic) were oxidized efficiently by (dichloroiodo)benzene (one equivalent) in aqueous pyridine. The reaction was almost instantaneous and not noticeably sensitive to steric or electronic effects. Ethylenic double bonds were not attacked under these conditions however, in vinylic sulphides containing an electron-withdrawing group (COOH or RSO) ft- to the sulphur atom the oxidation was accompanied by nucleophilic attack to the double bond resulting in a mixture of products. The method is suitable for the preparation of I80-labelled sulphoxides using small quantities of H2,80. [Pg.102]

The practical potential of hydrogen bonds in enamines has been investigated by several authors85 in relation to studies involving polymers. In some instances (such as polymers of 1,6-diethoxy-l,5-hexadiene-3,4-dione with aromatic and aliphatic amines), mixtures of enamino ketones and imines are obtained86. [Pg.722]

Biodegradable polymers can also be made from mineral oil based resources such as the aliphatic-aromatic co-polyester types. Mixtures of synthetic degradable polyesters and pure plant starch, known as starch blends, are also well-established products on the market. [Pg.167]

A variety of aldehydes—aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic—have been condensed with hydantoin. Sodium acetate in a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride as well as pyridine containing traces of piperidine serves as condensing agent. Reduction of the double bond is accomplished with phosphorus and hydriodic acid, ammonium sulfide, or stannous chloride, In a more recent modification, the hydantoins are synthesized from aldehyde or ketone cyanohydrins and ammonium... [Pg.670]

The probabilistic model of Perdue (1984) has been applied to the median compositions of YOAs, FAs, HAs, and NOM in Table 6 to obtain estimates for the most probable distribution of carbon in these materials. This model uses elemental composition, carboxyl content, and to predict the most probable percentages of aliphatic, aromatic, and excess carbon of a complex mixture such as DOM. In this model, aliphatic carbon includes all -hybridized carbon and is thus equivalent to the sum of alkoxy... [Pg.2559]

According to literary data, the following mixtures of aromatic/aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbons were separated toluene/ n-hexane, toluene/n-heptane, toluene/n-octane, toluene/f-octane, benzene/w-hexane, benzene/w-heptane, benzene/toluene, and styrene/ethylbenzene [10,82,83,109-129]. As membrane media, various polymers were used polyetherurethane, poly-esterurethane, polyetherimide, sulfonyl-containing polyimide, ionicaUy cross-linked copolymers of methyl, ethyl, n-butyl acrylate with acrilic acid. For example, when a composite polyetherimide-based membrane was used to separate a toluene (50 wt%)/n-octane mixture, the flux Q of 10 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 70 were achieved [121]. When a composite mebrane based on sulfonyl-containing polyimide was used to separate a toluene (1 wt%)/ -octane mixture, the flux 2 of 1.1 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 155 were achieved [10]. When a composite membrane based on ionically cross-linked copolymers of methyl, ethyl, w-butyl acrylate with acrilic acid was used to separate toluene (50 wt%)//-octane mixture, the flux Q of 20-1000 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 2.5-13 were achieved [126,127]. [Pg.257]

Hao J, Tanaka K, Kita H, and Okamoto K. The pervaporation properties of sulfonyl containing membranes for aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures. J Membr Sci 1997 132 97-108. [Pg.264]


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Aliphatic—aromatic

Aromatic mixtures

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